1. The Declaration of Independence

2. What philosophical movement occurred in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries?
The Enlightenment

3. What new ideas developed in Europe during the Enlightenment?
Ideas about the rights of people and their relationship to their rulers

4. What 17th century philosopher led the British Enlightenment?
John Locke

5. Whose ideas influenced the American colonists’ belief in self-government?
John Locke

6. What “natural rights” did Locke believe all people possessed?
Life
Liberty
Property

7. What did Locke mean by the term “social contract”?
The people voluntarily agree among themselves to form a government to protect their rights.
The people promise to obey the laws made by this government.

8. According to Locke, how were the government’s powers limited?
Limited to those powers which the people decided to give the government

9. The right to change or overthrow the government
According to Locke, whenever government becomes a threat to the people’s natural rights, what right do the people have?
The right to change or overthrow the government

10. How were John Locke’s ideas radical or extreme?
Challenged the idea of dictatorial rule by kings

11. When did colonial resistance against British rule reach a climax?
When the Continental Congress adopted The Declaration of Independence

12. What types of ideas inspired the American Revolution?
Ideas about natural rights
Ideas about political (governmental) authority

13. What pamphlet did Thomas Paine publish in 1776?
Common Sense

14. What did Common Sense challenge?
The rule of the American colonies by the King of England

15. What was the effect of the publication of Common Sense?
A growing American desire for independence from England

16. When did the Continental Congress adopt The Declaration of Independence?
July 4, 1776

17. Who wrote the final draft of The Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson

18. Thomas Paine and John Locke
Whose ideas did Thomas Jefferson borrow, when he wrote The Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Paine and
John Locke

19. Who wrote that all men have the right to “life, liberty and property”?
John Locke

20. Who wrote that all men have the right to “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”?
Thomas Jefferson

21. What ideas did Thomas Jefferson borrow from Thomas Paine?
Grievances against the King
In other words, the ways King George III had mistreated the American colonists

22. What two realities of American life in 1776 conflicted with the promise of equality in The Declaration of Independence?
1) African-American slavery
2) Most Americans could not vote in 1776

23. How has the United States expressed its search for equality since 1776?
By the right to vote

24. What has been a major theme in American history since 1776?
Expansion of democracy

25. How has the United States expanded the right to vote since 1776?
From only adult white males who owned property and belonged to a particular church to all Americans who were at least 18 years-old

26. What two constitutional amendments guarantee due process of law?
The 5th Amendment
The 14th Amendment

27. What two things does the right of due process guarantee?

28. That a person accused of a crime receives a fair trial
That the state does not take away a person’s life, liberty, or property without following proper procedures

29. The right to a free public education
As part of the United States’ search for equality, what right do all fifty states guarantee to America’s children?
The right to a free public education

30. In what two ways have the key principles of The Declaration of Independence increased liberty for American minorities?

31. Ending African-American slavery by the 13th Amendment
Giving civil rights to American minorities

32. The chance to benefit from America’s free enterprise system
What did “the pursuit of happiness” mean for the Revolutionary generation?
The chance to benefit from America’s free enterprise system

33. The belief in property rights
With what belief of John Locke did Jefferson equate “the pursuit of happiness”?
The belief in property rights

34. What are all Americans supposed to possess a chance to achieve?
Financial success through hard work

35. What principles have become the unifying ideas of American democracy?
The key ideas of The Declaration of Independence

36. In what three ways has the U. S
In what three ways has the U.S. government followed the principles of The Declaration of Independence as a road map for the American republic?

37. Given more people the right to vote
Provided equality of opportunity to all Americans
Guaranteed all Americans “unalienable rights”

38. What term means the right to vote?
The franchise

39. What does the term “unalienable rights” mean?
Rights that cannot be given away or taken away