1. City Theories
Essential Questions: How does urban development change landscape and vary across space?
Learning Target: IWBAT explain central place theory and rank-size rule.
Formative Assessment(s): If the largest city has a population of 12 million people, what will the population of the 6th largest city be? If this isn’t close, what can we predict about this country?

2. City Theories Bellwork
Prediction:
What is the largest population needed to support a Burger King?
A mall?
A hospital?
A farm?
A gas station?
A sports team

3. Theories and Concepts

4. Central Place Theory Threshold- number of people to support
Range- distance people are willing to travel for services
The more specialized the service, the larger the threshold and range are
There is a node, hearth and the area around it is serviced by it
Order of largest to smallest- megalopolis, metropolitan, city, town, village, hamlet
Old circle model is impossible because the circles leaves areas in which people live unaccounted for

5. Central Place Theory Market area of a service Size of a market area
Range
Threshold

6. Draw hexagons around the McDonalds.
Eliminate as much wasted space as possible.
Prevent overlap.
Hexagons should be as close to the same size as possible.

7. McDonald’s locations in Lincoln, Nebraska.

8. McDonald’s locations in Lincoln, Nebraska.

9. Are the market areas the same size?
Are there concentrations of populations in some of the areas, i.e. are the thresholds the same size?
Would concentrations of college students/apartment complexes influence the locations? Would the locations of businesses with large work forces influence the range?

10. 4. Are there “gaps”? Where would people go if they were not in one of the market areas?
5. Where would the next McDonalds be built?
6. Do the transportation routes influence where people would stop?
7. What other factors might influence where people would stop?

11. Hierarchy of Services Stock Exchange Sports Stadium
Regional Shopping Mall
Major Department Store
Income Tax Service
Hierarchical arrangement of a sampling of central place services. This is a 7-order hierarchy. Christaller found 7 levels to the hierarchy of central places in southern Germany.
Convenience Store
Gas Station

12. 2 shops, 2 restaurants, garage, pharmacy, newspaper
Village Population
What to Expect
300+
One all-purpose shop
500+
Shop and café
Occasional pharmacy
700+
2 shops, 2 restaurants, garage, pharmacy, newspaper
200
Forget it.
A village of 200 (maybe properly called a hamlet) = no services. Morland had probably never studied central place theory, but he recognized patterns on the landscape which conformed with central place theory.

13. US Technopoles
a center of high-tech manufacturing and information-based quaternary industry

14. Silicon Valley Located between San Francisco and San Jose
Headquarters of information and technology in US
Huge number of law firms. Why?
Patent lawyers to protect companies from getting sued

15. Also: Yahoo!, Apple, Intel, Adobe,
Hewlett-Packard
Facebook

16. MIT to Washington
Massachusetts Institute of Technology all the way to Washington DC
Also a what?
a megalopolis

19. Seattle, WA
Technological hub for many companies, such as: Microsoft, Amazon, Expedia, Nintendo of America, T-Mobile USA
Closer to innovation easier it is to use
Agglomerates for labor

21. Metroplex Dallas-Ft. Worth area Formal Region Large metropolitan area
Includes: AT&T, Texas Instruments, Metro PCS, Verizon

22. Rank-Size and Primacy

23. Primate City
o City in a country that are more than twice as large as any other city
o Dominates political, cultural, economic affairs of a country
o Way larger than the 2nd largest city
· Ex. Tokyo, Paris, Mexico City, London, Seoul, Athens
o None in the US, Brazil, or Australia

24. Rank-Size Rule Px=P1/x X= rank P1= population of largest city
Px= population size of ranked city
Primate city throws this off

25. Formative Assessment Learning Target: IWBAT explain central place theory and rank-size rule.
If the largest city has a population of 12 million people, what will the population of the 6th largest city be? If this isn’t close, what can we predict about this country?