2. Diverse Structures and Common Characteristics of Developing Nations
Chapter 2

3. Defining the Developing World
The UN’s System
World Bank’s System
The UNDP’s Human Development Index
The OECD’s system

6. Figure 2.1 The Developed and Developing World, 2002

7. Figure 2.1 The Developed and Developing World, 2002 cont’d

8. The Structural Diversity of Developing Economies
Size and income level

10. The Structural Diversity of Developing Economies
Size and income level
Historical background
Physical and human resources
Ethnic and religious composition
Relative importance of public and private sectors
Industrial structure

12. The Structural Diversity of Developing Economies
Size and income level
Historical background
Physical and human resources
Ethnic and religious composition
Relative importance of public and private sectors
Industrial structure
External dependence
Political structure, power, and interest groups

13. Common Characteristics of Developing Nations
Low levels of living
Per capita national income

14. Figure 2.2 Per Capita Gross National Product in Selected Countries, 1997 (in U.S. dollars at official exchange rates)

16. Common Characteristics of Developing Nations
Low levels of living
Per capita national income
Relative growth rates of national and per capita income

18. Common Characteristics of Developing Nations
Low levels of living
Per capita national income
Relative growth rates of national and per capita income
Distribution of national income

20. Common Characteristics of Developing Nations
Low levels of living
Per capita national income
Relative growth rates of national and per capita income
Distribution of national income
Extent of poverty

22. Common Characteristics of Developing Nations
Low levels of living
Per capita national income
Relative growth rates of national and per capita income
Distribution of national income
Extent of poverty
health

23. Figure 2.3 Infant Mortality Rates in Selected Countries, 1998 (per 1,00 live births)

25. Common Characteristics of Developing Nations
Low levels of living
Per capita national income
Relative growth rates of national and per capita income
Distribution of national income
Extent of poverty
Health
Education
The Human Development Index

28. Common Characteristics of Developing Nations
Low levels of living
Low levels of productivity
High rates of population growth and dependency burdens

30. Common Characteristics of Developing Nations
Low levels of living
Low levels of productivity
High rates of population growth and dependency burdens
Substantial dependence on agricultural production and primary exports

32. Figure 2.4 Composition of World Exports (percentages of primary and manufactured products)

33. Common Characteristics of Developing Nations
Low levels of living
Low levels of productivity
High rates of population growth and dependency burdens
Substantial dependence on agricultural production and primary-product exports
Prevalence of imperfect markets
Dependence and vulnerability

34. Concepts for Review Absolute poverty Brain drain Crude birthrate
Death rate
Dependency burden
Developed world
Foreign exchange
Gross domestic product (GDP)
Gross national product (GNP)
Human Development Index (HDI)
Imperfect markets
Income gap
Income inequality
Incomplete information

35. Concepts for Review, cont’d
Infant mortality rate
International poverty line
Labor productivity
Least developed countries (LLDCs)
Levels of living
Low income countries (LICs)
Malnutrition
Middle-income countries (MICs)
Mixed economic systems
Newly industrialized countries (NICs)
Physical resources

36. Concepts for Review, cont’d
Primary industrial sector
Production function
Purchasing power equivalent
Purchasing power parity (PPP)
Resource endowment
Secondary industrial sector
Tertiary industrial sector
World Bank