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Essentials of Transport Packaging
An output from Sustainable Packaging Coalition’s Member-led Working Group February 2013
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Content Introduction to transport packaging
Definition of Sustainable Packaging Transport packaging examples Value of transport packaging Business models Relations and implications to municipal solid waste Sustainability considerations Supply chain optimization
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Introduction to transport packaging
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Tertiary or Transport Package is –
A shipping unit that provides containment and protection to goods during handling, storage, and transportation. The term includes all industrial packaging and the shipping containers for consumer products. Source: IoPP
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TERTIARY or TRANSPORT PACKAGING
Primary Package Secondary or Tertiary Package* TERTIARY or TRANSPORT PACKAGING Primary Packaging: The packaging which contains the product. Provides protection and containment, but is not necessarily suitable for transport. Secondary Packaging: The packaging which contains one or more primary packages. It aids in containment, handling, unitization and damage prevention. Tertiary Packaging: The packaging which is used to group secondary packaging together to aid handling, unitization, transportation and damage prevention to products. Primary Packaging: The packaging which contains the product. Provides protection and containment, but is not necessarily suitable for transport. Secondary Packaging: The packaging which contains one or more primary packages. Secondary packaging aids in containment, handling, unitization and damage prevention. Tertiary Packaging: The packaging which is used to group secondary packaging together to aid handling, unitization, transportation and damage prevention to products. *Depending on scenario, containment box may be considers secondary or tertiary package
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TERTIARY or TRANSPORT PACKAGING
Primary Package Secondary Package TERTIARY or TRANSPORT PACKAGING Primary Packaging: The packaging which contains the product. Provides protection and containment, but is not necessarily suitable for transport. Secondary Packaging: The packaging which contains one or more primary packages. It aids in containment, handling, unitization and damage prevention. Tertiary Packaging: The packaging which is used to group secondary packaging together to aid handling, unitization, transportation and damage prevention to products. Primary Packaging: The packaging which contains the product. Provides protection and containment, but is not necessarily suitable for transport. Secondary Packaging: The packaging which contains one or more primary packages. Secondary packaging aids in containment, handling, unitization and damage prevention. Tertiary Packaging: The packaging which is used to group secondary packaging together to aid handling, unitization, transportation and damage prevention to products.
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Defining Sustainability for Packaging
Relevance in the SPC Transport packaging must provide sufficient damage prevention, optimize cube utilization, and use sustainable materials where feasible. The packaging should ideally be sourced locally and have a responsible end of life scenario.
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Transport packaging examples
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Transport Packaging Format
Pallets, Skids – Flat unit load support Single Use 2-way & 4-way entry Size, material, and specifications based on intended use and performance requirements Rackable and non-rackable Nestable and non-nestable 2-way and 4-way entry Paper Pallets Reusable Systems Rackable Systems Nestable
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Transport Packaging Format
Slip Sheets – Flat unit load support Material varies by intended use Single vs. double lip based on loading requirements Corrugated Kraft
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Transport Packaging Format
Containers – Used for the conveyance of consumer goods Material varies by use Shipping Boxes Shipping tubes Reusable Plastic & Metal Containers Stackable Nestable Foldable Plastic Stackable Expanded Polymer Shipping Boxes & Tubes Liquid Transport Corrugated Stackable Collapsible Containers
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Transport Packaging Format
More Containers – Used for the conveyance of consumer goods Multi-wall Bags, Sacks & Bulk Bags Commercial & Industrial use Machine filled Hand set-up Wooden and metal crates Stackable, nestable Drums and Barrels Specialty packaging Bulk Sacks Specialty Containers Wooden Containers Drums
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Transport Packaging Format
Trays – shallow platforms used in the conveyance of light loads Material varies by use (food-safe, non-porous, etc.) Stackable and non-stackable Designed for liquid containment (deeper) or simple conveyance (shallower) Typically used in manufacturing lines for conveyance of work-in-process Corrugated Trays Other Trays Reusable & Stackable Trays
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Transport Packaging Format
Exterior Protection – packaging used to protect the tertiary packaging loads during distribution and transport Edge Protection Load Stabilization Protective Covers Edging Stretch Wrap Metal Strapping Reusable Cover Dunnage Plastic Strapping
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Transport Packaging Format
Interior Protection – packaging used to protect package contents from damage or breakage during distribution and transport Cushioning Void Fill Blocking & Bracing Surface Protection Air Cellular Expanded Foam Engineered Foams Paper Systems Air Bags Separators Surface Films
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Value of Transport packaging
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Value of Transport Packaging
Activities Benefits Efficient movement of product Efficient storage of product Labels, tracking, graphics Protection Reducing fuel and transportation costs Ease of retrieval, storage, material handling Product identification and communication Security, tamper evidence, damage minimization
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Packaging Synergies Packaging at different levels can work together to bring products safely to market Interactions can facilitate primary and secondary packaging reduction Load sharing reduces requirements on individual components Increased unit load stability Group handling reduces damage opportunities Synergies facilitate system wide optimization Example - floor ready display
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Business models
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Business Models Managed Pool
Closed Pool Managed Pool Reduced Asset Losses among business partners May not be standardized for use out of closed pool Requires larger capital outlay, self-maintenance of pool Focus on asset turns, re-use and repair Some standard design for use within region Owner maintains asset quality Potential for Nationwide pricing Manufacturer Retailer Asset Provider Brewer Bottler
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Business Models One Way Exchange
Focus on recovery and cost effectiveness Often designed for specific dimensions Potential re-sale by network of recyclers Possible Regional pricing Focus on asset balancing Reduces cube space during reverse logistics Manufacturer Retailer Manufacturer Retailer
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PACKAGING in municipal solid waste
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Packaging in U.S. Solid Waste
250 Million Tons Generated Key Facts Containers & Packaging are 30% of North America’s Municipal Solid Waste 56% of these valuable resources are wasted in landfills. The remaining 44% are recycled; often downcycled into less valuable products. Over a third of U.S. GHG emissions are attributable to producing and transporting goods. Much attention has been given to improving primary packaging such as bottles, jars, wrappers and pouches, and similar opportunities exist for transport packaging materials like pallets, boxes and shrink wrap. Source: US EPA, 2010
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U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Over 1/3 of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions are attributable to Producing & Transporting Goods * *Includes use and provision of goods. Approximately 95% of the impacts are associated with the product Source: US EPA, 2009
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Sustainability considerations
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Definition of Packaging Sustainability
Sustainable packaging optimizes the sustainability of the combined product and package system Slide is redundant. Hidden until we can agree on if to include it. Source: SPC, 2007
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Important Sustainability Considerations
Damage Reduction: As “light weighting” removes material, Transport Packaging increasingly needs to facilitate damage reduction Cost / Material Value What cost is market willing to pay? Will package be recoverable for reuse, recycling, or composting? Dimensions Loaded footprint, loaded trailer cube, return cube Nestable or collapsable Damage Prevention: Reduces the damage and loss that leads to the necessity of manufacturing replacements. Product remanufacture accounts for a much higher GHG output and resource usage than does packaging. Damage prevention also reduces unnecessary extra shipments due to returns and replacements, etc. Cube Utilization: Efficient box and container space usage allows for more product to be shipped in a single load, reducing GHG emissions from unnecessary extra shipping. Also, it reduces packaging material usage.
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Important Sustainability Considerations
Weight Lower weight saves fuel but can sacrifice strength Strength Racking safety, payload capacity Ease of Handling Manual or equipment focus Load / unload / clean time Conveyance of Information May accept labels, identify regulation compliance, or track units
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Important Sustainability Considerations
Material Health Is the package safe and healthy for individuals and communities throughout its life cycle? Is it beneficial/restorative to the natural environment? What chemicals/materials are used to meet fire or invasive species codes? Reusability Is it able to be re-used in its current form multiple times in the supply chain? Sustainable Material Usage: Some materials will have relatively favorable life cycle metrics or other sustainability characteristics, such as coming from renewable resources or being reusable, recyclable, or compostable.
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Important Sustainability Considerations
Recyclability Can it be effectively recovered and utilized in biological and/or industrial closed loop cycles? Recyclable – in theory or practice? Recycled Content Does it optimizes the use of renewable or recycled source materials? Material Weight / Strength Lower weight saves fuel but can sacrifice strength and ability to repair the asset RECYCLABILITY Recycling opportunities must be readily accessible to the end user to call it recyclable. MATERIAL WEIGHT Hybrid design can optimize weight / strength ratio but sacrifice repairability
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Important Sustainability Considerations
Repairability Easy to repair and reclaim individual components? Ease of Sourcing How rare and far away does the material come from? Sustainable Material Usage: Some materials will have relatively favorable life cycle metrics or other sustainability characteristics, such as coming from renewable resources or being reusable, recyclable, or compostable.
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Important Sustainability Considerations
Quantifying and Communicating Environmental Benefits Use widely accepted, third party verified standards and certifications (eg. ISO 14040) Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Consider waste, energy, GHG emissions. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is an objective process to evaluate the environmental burdens associated with a product, process, or activity by identifying energy and materials used and wastes released to the environment, and to evaluate and implement opportunities to affect environmental improvements.” (SETAC, 1990)
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Supply chain optimization & collaboration
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Supply Chain Links “Brand owners and retailers may have direct control over as little as 5 percent of the environmental impacts of packaging and only indirect control over the other 95 percent.” – SPC, Packaging Digest 3/1/10
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Collaboration for Packaging Value
Benefits of Collaboration Collaboration Considerations Best Practices Sharing Solve Challenges outside of vacuum Solutions can be expanded & transferred to other businesses or industries Interaction with other companies help businesses develop their technology Performance requirements Regulatory compliance requirements Technical/operational factors Aesthetic considerations Material availability Cost Collaboration for Packaging Source: Sustainable Packaging Coalition’s 2010 report, Guidelines for Increasing Post Consumer Recycled Content in Plastic Packaging
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