1. SUBMITTED BY:- AMIT DUTTA PGDM-II SUBMITTED TO:- RAJPREET CHATWAL

2. Containerization is a system of freight transport based on a range of steel intermodal containers. Containers are built in standardised dimensions as per ISO instructions, and can be loaded and unloaded, stacked and transported efficiently over long distances, and transferred from one mode of transport to another—from ship, rail, trailers etc.

3. Types of containers :-  Intermodal freight containers  Corrugated box  Wooden box  Crate  Intermediate bulk shipping container  Bulk box  Drum  Insulated shipping containers  Unit load devices  Specialized shipping containers

4. Intermodal freight containers Freight containers are a reusable transport and storage unit for moving products and raw materials between locations or countries.

5. Corrugated box Corrugated boxes are commonly used as shipping containers. They are made of corrugated fibreboard which is light weight, recyclable and strong enough to ship a variety of products.

6. Wooden box Wooden boxes are often used for shipping heavy and dense products. They are Sometimes specified for shipments of Government or military shipments.

7. Crate A crate is a large container, often made of wood, used to transport large, heavy or awkward items. A crate has a self-supporting structure, with or without sheathing

8. Intermediate bulk shipping container An Intermediate bulk container (IBC) is a container used for transport and storage of fluids and bulk materials. The construction may be plastic, composite, steel,stainless steel, etc. Some are foldable (collapsible).

9. Bulk box A big bag, bulk bag(box), or super sack is a standardized container in large dimensions for storing and transporting and storing granular products.It is often made of a woven synthetic material.

10. Insulated shipping containers Insulated shipping containers are a type of packaging used to ship temperature sensitive products such as foods, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals. They are used as part of a cold chain to help maintain product freshness and efficacy.

11. Unit load device A Unit Load Device, or ULD, is a container used to cargo on commercial aircraft. A ULD can be a pallet or container used to load luggage, freight, and mail on wide-body aircraft and specific narrow-body aircraft. It allows a large quantity of cargo to be bundled into a single unit. Since this leads to fewer units to load, it saves ground crews time and effort and helps prevent delayed flights. Each ULD has its own packing list, manifest, or tracking identification to improve control and tracking of contents.

12. Specialized shipping containers Custom containers are used for shipments of products such as weapons and aviation components. Customized cushioning, blocking and bracing, carrying handles, lift rings, locks, etc. are common to facilitate handling and to protect the contents. Often, these shipping containers are reusable.

13. Container loading:-  Full Container Load  Less Than Container Load

14. Full container load A Full Container Load (FCL) is an ISO standard container that is loaded and unloaded under the risk and account of one shipper and only one consignee, in practice it means that the whole container is intended for one consignee. FCL container shipment attracts lower freight rates than an equivalent weight of cargo in bulk. Ideally FCL means the container is loaded to its allowable maximum weight or volume. In practice, the FCL in the ocean freight does not always mean packing a container to its full payload or full capacity.

15. Less than container load Less than container load (LCL) is a shipment that is not large enough to fill a standard cargo container for quantities of material from different shippers for delivery to different destinations. Less Than Container Load is "a quantity of cargo less than that required for the application of a cargo load rate. A quantity of cargo less than that fills the visible or rated capacity of an inter- modal container." It can also be defined as "a consignment of cargo which is inefficient to fill a shipping container. It is grouped with other consignments for the same destination in a container at a container freight station..

17. NEED AND IMPORTANCE OF CONTAINERS:-  Strength & Flexibility  Cost Effective Alternative  Superior Insulation Properties  Easy to Transport

18. Merits:-  Flexibility of usage  Time saving  Little chances of damage.  Security

19. DEMERITS:-  Infrastructure cost  Stacking.  Loss during transit.  Illicit trade.

20. THANK YOU FOR A PATIENT LISTENING….