1. ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AN OVERVIEW
Dr. Susheela Ekka
Assistant professor
Geography
Govt. Bilasa Girls P.G. College Bilaspur

2. We all have learnt about the ill effects of Environment degradation in our lives. But have you ever considered the economic cost of environmental degradation or
the economic benefits of Sustainable Development?
Let us educate ourselves about these concepts.
This lecture breaks down the meaning and functions of the environment in the context of The idea of environmental degradation, its causes and impacts are highlighted.
concluding section of the lecure introduces the concept of sustainable development and explains the way forward to save the environment

3. Environment

4. Environment: Meaning and Functions
The ‘environment’ refers to the total planetary things around us . It includes biotic (animals, plants, birds, etc.) and abiotic (sun, land, water, mountains, etc.) components. It explains the inter-relationship that exists between the abiotic and biotic components.

5. The environment performs four crucial functions:
Supplying Resources: The environment contains both renewable (air, water, land) and non-renewable (fossil fuels) resources. Renewable resources are re-usable and do not get depleted soon, while non-renewable resources are limited and fear to depleted.
Assimilating Waste: Economic activities generate waste which the environment absorbs through natural processes.
Sustenance of Life: The environment comprises abiotic components that aid the living of biotic components. In the absence of elements such as air, water, land, etc. there would be no life on the planet.
Aesthetic Value: The environment adds aesthetic value to life. The mountains, oceans, seas, landmasses and other scenery of the environment enhance the quality of life.

6. What we do ?
cutting trees land degradation ,emission of gases, water pollution

7. Measures to Save the Environment
Concerted efforts are required to deal with the global environmental crisis. The concept of sustainable development, thereby, comes into play. Some of the measures that can be undertaken to control the crisis that already underway includes:

8. Social Awareness: Until people are made aware of the graveness of the situation, the problem of environmental degradation cannot be dealt with. Creating awareness through campaigns and movements can help avert the problem of the ongoing environmental crisis.
Waste Management: Solid waste management must be carefully managed in urban areas. Rural waste has the potential of being used as natural manure by converting it into compost.
Water Management: Rainwater harvesting and conservation of water can help with the long-term potent problem of scarcity of water.
Implementation of Policy Programmes: Enactment of environment-centric acts and policies is not enough. Their effective implementation and careful observation are what will actually make a difference to environmental conservation efforts.

13. Pollution Control: Air, water, noise, soil are some of the major forms of pollution plaguing the environment today. Pollution control boards can be set up or regulatory standards must be enforced to keep pollution within lowest levels.
Forest Conservation: Increased industrialization has come at the cost of deforestation. The implication of forests being cut down is that the ecology is significantly affected. Afforestation measures need to be taken and forest conservation regulations must be seriously implemented.

14. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

15. sustainable development has incorporate two central concepts:-
In rio (1992), the earth summit that represents the whole world , discussed as the main stream ideas about the environment and development . The key feature of that discussion are resource utilization , climatic change , Biodiversity and , the principle environmental problems faced by most of the southern countries. In the various programme of UNO the concept of eco development, which is also known as sustainable development is actually include in all developmental activities that are performed or designed in such a way that regional ecological balance can be maintained . It was also defined as “development of regional and local at consistent with the potentials of the area involved , with attention given to the adequate and rational use of the natural resources , and to application of technological styles” (UNEP, 1975)
sustainable development has incorporate two central concepts:-
Concepts of necessity especially the basic needs of the poor of world that should be given extra priority.
Technological and social system that affect the environmental capacity to fulfill the requirement of present and off course future.

16. Environmental Issues And Sustainable Development
Man has made lots of affords for rapid development in agriculture, irrigation, mining ,land management and other areas. Unfortunately in doing , there has been much disruption of the functioning of natural resource environment. Now people have began to realize the side effects of development activities. They thought it is only right that development in this new centaury even more continues effect and have started there efforts minimizing these effects by adopting methods and technology for sustainable development.

17. Unsustainable water use
Many countries use unsustainable means to meet their water needs. If more water is withdrawn than is replenished by natural process, the excess is essential “Mined” from reserves. The water table in some cities in China ,Latin America and Asia are declining at over one meter per year.
Agriculture and industries divert large amounts of water with some times-disastrous effects. The best known example is the Aral Sea, which has been destroyed by diverting its feeder water for irrigation .It is one alarming stage ,to use water carefully.

21. Poverty
Poverty, environment degradation and sustainability has complete relationship. More population pressure are increasing in many poor’s .It resulted low land holdings, substantive agriculture ,poor yield in place of large field ,Intensive agriculture and cash crops, mechanization of agriculture. But on the contemporary the consumption pattern shows that poor farmers are not responsible for environmental degradation than wealthier farmer.
Due to over population there is scarcity of basic amenities, infrastructure services, education health and other which is the prime necessity of social well being that ultimately affect not only the process of development but also a great hurdles in the path of social justice and off course gender bias.

22. Other Environmental Issues
Energy requirement
Energy plays a vital role in the development process .The rapid exploitation of the energy sources ie. Sun ,wind, coal, water etc. has resulted in an energy crisis. In coming years oil, gas, coal will become scare. Therefore, for the sustainable development it is essential to adoption of non conventional source of energy like Solar ,Wind, Tidal.
Other Environmental Issues
Pollution, which is the result of human activities associated with the process of development of industries, is the major issue of environment. Deposition of various pollutants (Chemicals ,metals, indusrial waste),increasing noise pollution have become a threat to mankind that not only disturbed the ecological balance but also affects the human health. Deforestation, desertification, soil erosion, increase of epidemic of various diseases, social degradation, global warming and food security are the other issues that are emerged due to degradation of environment.

23. Not generated resources for its sustainment
The challenges of sustainable development lie in both the natural and human environment .Due to increase of biotic pressure the threat of sustainable development increased in past years. These are :
Growing population
Blind physical development
Over exploitation and destruction of natural resources.
Increasing urbanization
Not generated resources for its sustainment
leads
Poor quality of life
Wide spread ill health
High level of unemployment
Lack of skill manpower
Environment pollution

24. AGRICULTURE & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Agriculture is the backbone of the Indian economy and rural development as we know that more than 60 percent population resides in villages.
What we did to fulfill the food requirement :
Every years thousands of agrochemicals (fertilizers and pesticides) used to increased production
Excessive extraction of water from the ground
Deforestation for expansion of agriculture land
WHAT HAPPEN ?
Increased acidity of soil
Agrochemical enter the food chain of animals which depend on them and cause various diseases like cancer
Farmers produced wheat and paddy that require more water this caused the fall of water table .
WHAT WE DO TO SUSTAIN AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Agriculture in sustainable way includes :
Education initiatives
development of new technology
maintaining and improvement of capacity of agricultural land
reformation of agriculture policy relating to price, s subsidies ,trades, land tenure, farm practices and technologies
Improving farm management technology, viable use of chemicals, agricultural waste cycling

26. देश में लाखो एकड़ ज़मीन बिना किसी संसाधन के वर्जित पड़ी है, किसानो के पास ज़मीन तो है पर सिचने को पानी नही, साथ ही खाद एवं बीज के लिए रुपय नही, “सतत विकास परियोजना” इन्ही सब विषयो पर आधारित एक प्रयास है गाँवो के किसानो को उन्नत तकनीक एवं आर्थिक सहाएता उपलब्ध करा उन्हे सतत विकास (सस्टेनबल डेवेलपमेंट) से जोड़ने का.
 युनाइटेड नेशन एन्वाइरन्मेंट प्रोग्राम (UNEP), युनाइटेड नेशन डेवेलपमेंट प्रोग्राम (UNDP) – SEED द्वारा सम्मानित सोसाइटी  फॉर सस्टेनबल डेवेलपमेंट / सस्टेनबल लिविंग के “सतत विकास परियोजना”  अभियान से जुड़ने  आप आमंत्रित है !

27. Sustainable Industries
From the 19 th century we go ahead in the field of industries without taking care of future and produce every comforts for human life. we have exploited minerals and other resources by destroying forest cover and vast track of land is rendered .
Due to lack of good plans and proper management threats of environmental pollution rises
Sustainable Urbanization
Rapid growth of urbanization , unplanned expansion of urban area leads
Disposal of sewage waste which cause land and water pollution
Slums and poor living in metros.
Lack of basic amenities in urban area
Water scarcity
Destroying agriculture land
Education programme
We are still bind to our traditional system of education which is not practical and does not make the students self dependent. :

28. Sustainable Energy Development:
In India poverty is in the worst form particularly in rural areas where more than 60 % population resides . As per the planning commission of India report the present t poverty line varies from11000/- to19650/- per annum. The family income below than this income is supposed to live below poverty line.
Live in intolerable poverty condition
Deprived of adequate food
Lack of basic education and health
unemployment
No doubt we are trying to best to achieve poverty alleviation by providing resources like food, clothing but it is still continuing.
We are supposed to provide them education to make them self-sufficient and reduce the population which is the main cause of increase in poverty and unemployment.
Sustainable Energy Development:
Amount of energy consumed by a country now indicates its economy. The per capita consumption of energy in developing country is only Kcal in comparison with developed countries Kcal

29. Energy consumption of various countries
/capita daily consumption (*1000Kcal)
Proportion of worlds energy consumption
Proportion of world population(%)
1.USA
230 35 6
2.CANADA
165 3
0.6
3.UK
145
1.5
4.RUSSIA 85 16 7
5.JAPAN 40
6.INDIA 2 15
Energy crises is an important environmental issue. It is a prime necessity to use our energy resources in proper manner. In rural area along with fossil fuels .Use animal and human energy in balanced way and give concentration in the use of renewable energy resources like wing , tidal, solar energy etc.

30. Sustainable Energy Development:
In India poverty is in the worst form particularly in rural areas where more than 60 % population resides . As per the planning commission of India report the present t poverty line varies from11000/- to19650/- per annum. The family income below than this income is supposed to live below poverty line.
Live in intolerable poverty condition
Deprived of adequate food
Lack of basic education and health
unemployment
No doubt we are trying to best to achieve poverty alleviation by providing resources like food, clothing but it is still continuing.
We are supposed to provide them education to make them self-sufficient and reduce the population which is the main cause of increase in poverty and unemployment.
Sustainable Energy Development:
Amount of energy consumed by a country now indicates its economy. The per capita consumption of energy in developing country is only Kcal in comparison with developed countries Kcal

31. Poverty & urban slums

32. Peoples Participation
Sustainable Forest Resources
Forest is the prime concern as they play a vital role in local economy and quality of life. Recent data of deforestretion in tropical region is 17 billion per area which is the result of human developmental activities and off course expansion of agricultural land .
Sustainable forest management :
Effective policy
Peoples Participation
Projects &plans

33. Rehabilitation activities
The scope and effectiveness of conservation and forest expansion activities should be enhanced and sustainable production od forest goods and services in both developed and developing countries should be ensured..Protection of forest require preventive measures:
Reserve management
Remedial Actions
Reforestation
Rehabilitation activities

34. Sustainable Biological Diversity
Biodiversity denotes the species, genes , ecosystems found in our planets. These are important as they provide food,cloth,shelter,estheticness,medical,spiritual nourishment
ABOUT 1.4 MILLION SPECIES ARE INDENTIFIES BUT IT HAS BEEN ESTIMATED AT LEAST AN PERHEPS 199 MILLION.ON THE EARTH
The causes for rapid decline of species are
Habitat destruction
Over harvesting
Pollution
Improper introduction of foreign plants and animal.
URGENT DECISION IS NEEDED TO TAKE ACTION TO CONSERVE AND MAINTAIN THE SPECIES,JEANS AND ECOSYSTEM
Resent advance in BIOTECHNOLOGY have pointed to the potential use of genetic material contained in plants ,animals and micro organism for agro-industries, agro forestry, health, welfare, and environmental purpose.

37. Sustainable Practices to foster Sustainable Development
We don’t have to engage in grand, heroic actions to participate in the process of change. Small acts when multiplied by million of people can transform the world.                                                                                                                                                          ………………….Howard zinn.
List of practices.
For Home –
Switch off unnecessary lights
Segregate your dry and wet waste
Responsible consumption of food (cook what you require)
Develop organic kitchen garden ( be it roof top , balcony and
Develop proper ventilation in home for healthy environment and energy conservation
Re-use waste water from water  purifier and kitchen
Use water discarded from Air-conditioners
Reduce plastic products
Try to engage in outdoor activities instead of excess use of mobile and television
For Fresh Air
Plant tulsi basil as much as possible

39. For Outdoor activities
Carry foldable cloth bag every time to reduce use of plastic carry bags.
Try to have shared taxi or car poolling
Try to use public transport instead of personal vehicle
Prepare shopping list well in advance to avoid unnecessary waste of energy.
Be responsible while using horn to prevent noise pollution
Always carry personal water bottle to avoid purchasing of packaged water.
For short distances try to take a walk instead of vehicle to keep yourself and environment healthy
Carry your waste pouch to avoid littering in public places or open area.

40. Strategies to achieve sustainable development
Sustainable development is dependent upon environment and human activities. Hence it is a great challenge to maintain it ,Following strategies has been outlined to achieve the sustainable development :
Help the poor because they are left with no potion but to destroy their environment. we should give them technical education to make them self sufficient
Self reliant development like use of renewable energy i.e.solar , wind etc.
Cost effective development. Development should not degrade the environment not it reduce the productivity in long run .
HUMAN CENTRIC activities are needed as the human being is the prime resources of the earth.

41. Acknowledgement

42. We too must be practicing sustainability in our life, do share and inspire others-
THANK YOU