1. Cellular Respiration

2. REACTANTS
PRODUCTS
C6H12O6 + 6 O2
6 CO2 + 6 H2O
Energy (ATP)

3. Show them the video of the gummy worm Mr. S.
Oxidation Reactions – Can release energy (think combustion)
We’ve got to control the energy release and capture it. That means we can’t release all the energy at once. We have to do it in steps.
Also, think about how warm we are. We’re pretty warm. A lot of the energy released from our food goes towards heating us up.
Show them the video of the gummy worm Mr. S.

5. Oxygen is the key…but what’s the difference?
Anaerobic vs. Aerobic
Oxygen is the key…but what’s the difference?

6. If you have oxygen, aerobic respiration can occur.
OK…Now What?
If you have oxygen, aerobic respiration can occur.
C6H12O6 + 6O CO2 + 6H20
A lot of Energy (ATP)

7. OK…Now What?
If you don’t have enough oxygen, aerobic respiration can’t occur, but fermentation can.
C6H12O6 + 6O CO2 + 6H20

8. Anaerobic vs. Aerobic
Oxygen is the key to making large amounts of energy…can you see the difference?

9. (Lactic Acid Fermentation)
(Stored ATP)
(Lactic Acid Fermentation)

10. It’s the first thing that happens and it happens in the cytosol.
Gylcolysis
It’s the first thing that happens and it happens in the cytosol.

11. What goes in? What comes out?
Gylcolysis
What goes in? What comes out?
Glucose is oxidized (loses electrons) to produce two 3-carbon containing molecules called PYRUVIC ACID. This takes 2 ATP but makes 4 ATP. Also, 2 molecules of NAD+ are converted to NADH (accepts high energy electrons).

12. What goes in? What comes out?
Gylcolysis
What goes in? What comes out?
Glucose 2 ATP 2 NAD+ 4 ADP
2 Pyruvic Acids 2 ADP 2 NADH 4 ATP
Net 2 ATP

13. Fermentation
Uses pyruvic acid to regenerate NAD+ and produce small amounts of ATP
Occurs in the cytosol
Enzymes that perform this process differ meaning products made by different organisms vary.

14. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Pyruvic acid converted to another 3-carbon compound called LACTIC ACID. NADH is also oxidized to form NAD+ for use in Glycolysis

15. Alcoholic Fermentation
A CO2 is removed from pyruvic acid converting it into a 2-carbon compound called ETHYL ALCOHOL. NADH is also oxidized to form NAD+ for use in Glycolysis

17. Efficiency of Glycolysis
686 kilocalories = Energy released from oxidation of 1 mole of Glucose
7 kilocalories = Energy needed to make an ADP into an ATP
Glycolysis yields a net of 2 ATP
2 X 7 kcal
X 100% = 2%
686 kcal

18. If you have oxygen, cellular respiration can occur. Remember?
OK…Now What?
If you have oxygen, cellular respiration can occur. Remember?

19. This follows glycolysis when O2 is available.
Aerobic Respiration
This follows glycolysis when O2 is available.
It occurs in two steps.
The Krebs Cycle
The Electron Transport Chain (Chemiosmosis)

20. Aerobic Respiration

21. What goes in? What comes out?
Aerobic Respiration
Krebs Cycle
What goes in? What comes out?
Pyruvic Acid (Acetyl CoA) 3 NAD+ 1 ADP
1 FAD
3 NADH 1 ATP
1 FADH2

22. Electron Transport Chain
Aerobic Respiration
Electron Transport Chain

23. ATP Synthase

24. Electron Transport Chain
Aerobic Respiration
Electron Transport Chain
What goes in? What comes out?
NADH FADH2
ADP O2
NAD + FAD
ATP
H2O

25. Electron Transport Chain
Aerobic Respiration
Electron Transport Chain

26. ATP Synthase – A Molecular Machine

27. 686 kilocalories = Energy released from oxidation of 1 mole of Glucose
Efficiency of Aerobic Respiration
686 kilocalories = Energy released from oxidation of 1 mole of Glucose
7 kilocalories = Energy needed to make an ADP into an ATP
Cellular Respiration yields a total of up to 38 ATP
38 X 7 kcal
X 100% = 39%
686 kcal
25%
Compare…How efficient do you think a car engine is?

28. (Lactic Acid Fermentation)
(Stored ATP)
(Lactic Acid Fermentation)

29. With or Without OXYGEN… Here’s What Happens:
Oxygen is the Key

30. Summing it all up… Glucose taken in (EAT) Fermentation Glycolysis
Small amounts of ATP
(Anaerobic process)
Oxygen available (BREATH)
Glycolysis
(Anaerobic process)
Krebs Cycle
E.T.C.
Loads of ATP
(Aerobic Respiration)

31. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H20 Summing it all up…
The equation that summarizes the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule:
C6H12O6 + 6O CO2 + 6H20
Energy
(up to 38ATP)

32. How do animals get oxygen to their cells?
A circulatory & respiratory system
Let’s look at all of the vertebrate groups. Can you name them all?

34. Oxygen Uptake

39. Oxygen Uptake

45. Circulation

55. Ectotherm vs. Endotherm

58. Chapter 7
Cellular Respiration

59. C6H12O6 + O2
CO2 + H2O

60. Oxidation Reactions – Can release energy (think combustion)
We’ve got to control the energy release and capture it. That means we can’t release all the energy at once. We have to do it in steps.
Also, think about how warm we are. We’re pretty warm. A lot of the energy released from our food goes towards heating us up.

62. Anaerobic vs. Aerobic

63. If you have oxygen, aerobic respiration can occur.
OK…Now What?
If you have oxygen, aerobic respiration can occur.
C6H12O6 + 6O CO2 + 6H20

64. OK…Now What?
If you don’t have enough oxygen, aerobic respiration can’t occur, but fermentation can.
C6H12O6 + 6O CO2 + 6H20

65. Anaerobic vs. Aerobic
Oxygen is the key to making large amounts of energy…can you see the difference?

66. (Lactic Acid Fermentation)
(Stored ATP)
(Lactic Acid Fermentation)

67. Gylcolysis

68. What goes in? What comes out?
Gylcolysis
What goes in? What comes out?

69. What goes in? What comes out?
Gylcolysis
What goes in? What comes out?
Glucose 2 ATP 2 NAD+ 4 ADP

70. Fermentation
Uses _________to regenerate NAD+ and produce small amounts of ATP
Occurs in the ________
Enzymes that perform this process and some of the products differ among different organisms.

71. Lactic Acid Fermentation

72. Alcoholic Fermentation

74. Efficiency of Glycolysis
686 kilocalories = Energy released from oxidation of 1 mole of Glucose
7 kilocalories = Energy needed to make an ADP into an ATP
Glycolysis yields a net of 2 ATP

75. If you have oxygen,_________________
OK…Now What?
If you have oxygen,_________________

76. This follows glycolysis when O2 is available.
Aerobic Respiration
This follows glycolysis when O2 is available.
It occurs in two steps.

77. Aerobic Respiration

78. What goes in? What comes out?
Aerobic Respiration
Krebs Cycle
What goes in? What comes out?
Pyruvic Acid (Acetyl CoA) 3 NAD+ 1 ADP
1 FAD

79. Electron Transport Chain
Aerobic Respiration
Electron Transport Chain

80. Electron Transport Chain
Aerobic Respiration
Electron Transport Chain
What goes in? What comes out?
NADH FADH2
ADP O2

81. 686 kilocalories = Energy released from oxidation of 1 mole of Glucose
Efficiency of Aerobic Respiration
686 kilocalories = Energy released from oxidation of 1 mole of Glucose
7 kilocalories = Energy needed to make an ADP into an ATP
Cellular Respiration yields a total of up to 38 ATP
Compare…How efficient do you think a car engine is?

82. REACTANTS
PRODUCTS
C6H12O6 + 6 O2
6 CO2 + 6 H2O
Energy (ATP)

83. With or Without OXYGEN… Here’s What Happens:

84. Summing it all up…

85. Summing it all up…
The equation that summarizes the complete oxidation of one glucose molecule: