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8 The Nervous System 1.

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Presentation on theme: "8 The Nervous System 1."— Presentation transcript:

1 8 The Nervous System 1

2 1. What are the main components of the central nervous system?
Brain and cranial nerves Autonomic and somatic Spinal cord and brain Spinal nerves and spinal cord C. Spinal cord and brain

3 1. What are the main components of the central nervous system?
Answer: c. Spinal cord and brain Explanation: The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is made of spinal nerves, cranial nerves, and the associated ganglia. The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the spinal cord and the brain.

4 2. Which is the correct order of meninges from superficial to deep?
Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater Arachnoid mater, pia mater, dura mater Arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater B. Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

5 2. Which is the correct order of meninges from superficial to deep?
Answer: b. Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater Explanation: The meninges are the membranes around the central nervous system, and this is the correct order from outermost to innermost.

6 3. Cerebrospinal fluid functions to ____ the brain.
cushion nourish support All of the above D. All of the above

7 3. Cerebrospinal fluid functions to ____ the brain.
Answer: d. All of the above Explanation: Cerebrospinal fluid fills the internal cavities of the brain and spinal cord. It functions to absorb shock, provide support, and bring nourishment to the nerve tissue.

8 4. True or false? In the cerebrum, gray matter is deep to the white matter; in the spinal cord, it is superficial to the white matter. True False B. False

9 4. True or false? In the cerebrum, gray matter is deep to the white matter; in the spinal cord, it is superficial to the white matter. Answer: b. False Explanation: In the cerebrum, the cortex is made of gray matter, while underlying it is the white matter. In the spinal cord, this is reversed.

10 5. Peripheral nerves that emerge from the brain are called ____.
spinal nerves autonomic nerves motor nerves cranial nerves D. cranial nerves

11 5. Peripheral nerves that emerge from the brain are called ____.
Answer: d. cranial nerves Explanation: Peripheral nerves that emerge from the brain are cranial nerves; those that emerge from the spinal cord are spinal nerves.

12 6. The ventricles of the brain contain ___.
gray matter white matter cerebrospinal fluid myelin C. cerebrospinal fluid

13 6. The ventricles of the brain contain ___.
Answer: c. cerebrospinal fluid Explanation: The ventricles are internal cavities of the brain that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

14 7. The blood-brain barrier is formed by ____.
tough connective tissue membranes called the meninges tight junctions between the cells of capillaries in the brain the white matter of the corpus callosum cerebrospinal fluid B. tight junctions between the cells of capillaries in the brain

15 7. The blood-brain barrier is formed by ____.
Answer: b. tight junctions between the cells of capillaries in the brain Explanation: The blood-brain barrier is a protective mechanism that helps control what substances may enter the cerebrospinal fluid and thus contact the brain. Tight junctions between the capillary cells force substances to pass through the cell membranes. This allows the capillary cells to selectively filter what leaves the blood and enters the cerebrospinal fluid.

16 8. Spinal nerves are able to carry which of the following types of information?
Intelligence carried in the interneurons Motor only Sensory only Both motor and sensory D. Both motor and sensory

17 8. Spinal nerves are able to carry which of the following types of information?
Answer: d. Both motor and sensory Explanation: Spinal nerves conduct sensory and motor information between the CNS and a specific region of the body.

18 9. The peripheral nervous system is subdivided into the ____ and the ____ nervous systems.
central; autonomic autonomic; somatic brain; spinal cord spinal cord; nerves B. autonomic; somatic

19 9. The peripheral nervous system is subdivided into the ____ and the ____ nervous systems.
Answer: b. autonomic; somatic Explanation: The autonomic subdivision governs involuntary, subconscious activities of glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle, while the somatic subdivision carries signals that result in sensation and voluntary movement of skeletal muscle.

20 10. Responses to stress, such as an increase in heart rate and respiratory rate, are stimulated by the ____. sympathetic nervous system parasympathetic nervous system somatic nervous system cerebrum A. sympathetic nervous system

21 10. Responses to stress, such as an increase in heart rate and respiratory rate, are stimulated by the ____. Answer: a. sympathetic nervous system Explanation: The sympathetic nervous system takes over control of organs in an emergency, when the body is under stress. The parasympathetic nervous system turns off the sympathetic nervous system to conserve energy and is active in relaxed conditions.

22 11. The thin, most superficial layer of the cerebrum is called the ____.
dura mater cerebrospinal fluid cerebral cortex primary motor area C. cerebral cortex

23 11. The thin, most superficial layer of the cerebrum is called the ____.
Answer: c. cerebral cortex Explanation: The outermost layer of gray matter in the cerebrum is called the cerebral cortex.

24 12. Which part of the brain is most important in your recall of information for this test?
Cerebellum Cerebrum Medulla oblongata Thalamus B. Cerebrum

25 12. Which part of the brain is most important in your recall of information for this test?
Answer: b. Cerebrum Explanation: The cerebrum is the part of the brain that gathers sensory input, formulates motor output, and analyzes all of the information.

26 13. The part of the brain that contains reflex centers for many vital body functions, such as respiration and blood pressure control, is the ____. cerebellum cerebral cortex medulla oblongata spinal cord C. medulla oblongata

27 13. The part of the brain that contains reflex centers for many vital body functions, such as respiration and blood pressure control, is the ____. Answer: c. medulla oblongata Explanation: The medulla controls many of life’s basic processes, including the breathing rate, the force and rate of heart contraction, and blood pressure.

28 14. Incoming somatosensory signals pass through the ____ on their way to the ____.
hypothalamus; medulla oblongata corpus callosum; primary motor area limbic system; frontal lobe thalamus; parietal lobe D. thalamus; parietal lobe

29 14. Incoming somatosensory signals pass through the ____ on their way to the ____.
Answer: d. thalamus; parietal lobe Explanation: The thalamus acts as a relay station for incoming somatosensory signals. It sends them to the primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe.

30 15. The group of structures in the brain that help to produce emotions and memories is collectively called the ____. limbic system hypothalamus pons reticular activating system A. limbic system

31 15. The group of structures in the brain that help to produce emotions and memories is collectively called the ____. Answer: a. limbic system Explanation: The limbic system includes parts of several brain regions and their connecting neural pathways. The limbic system allows us to experience many emotions and helps us to form memories.

32 16. What part of our brain takes the information you just heard in lecture and (hopefully) converts it from short-term memory to long-term memory? Corpus callosum Hippocampus Hypothalamus Thalamus B. Hippocampus

33 16. What part of our brain takes the information you just heard in lecture and (hopefully) converts it from short-term memory to long-term memory? Answer: b. Hippocampus Explanation: It is a part of the limbic system that is essential to converting short-term memory to long-term memory. Not all short-term memories get consolidated into long-term memories, but when they do, the hippocampus plays an essential role.

34 17. What area of the brain filters sensory information and helps to keep us alert?
Cerebral cortex Hippocampus Medulla Reticular Activating System (RAS) D. Reticular Activating System (RAS)

35 17. What area of the brain filters sensory information and helps to keep us alert?
Answer: d. Reticular Activating System (RAS) Explanation: The reticular activating system filters sensory input and activates the cerebral cortex, keeping it alert.

36 18. True or false? The primary function of a spinal reflex is to perform a predictable response to a given stimulus. True False A. True

37 18. True or false? The primary function of a spinal reflex is to perform a predictable response to a given stimulus. Answer: a. True Explanation: A reflex is an automatic response to a stimulus. It often functions to prevent injury to tissues. Spinal reflexes are essentially “decisions” made by the spinal cord. They are beneficial when a speedy reaction is important to a person’s safety.


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