1. 8
The Nervous System 1

2. 1. What are the main components of the central nervous system?
Brain and cranial nerves
Autonomic and somatic
Spinal cord and brain
Spinal nerves and spinal cord
C. Spinal cord and brain

3. 1. What are the main components of the central nervous system?
Answer:
c. Spinal cord and brain
Explanation:
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is made of spinal nerves, cranial nerves, and the associated ganglia. The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the spinal cord and the brain.

4. 2. Which is the correct order of meninges from superficial to deep?
Pia mater, arachnoid mater, dura mater
Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Arachnoid mater, pia mater, dura mater
Arachnoid mater, dura mater, pia mater
B. Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

5. 2. Which is the correct order of meninges from superficial to deep?
Answer:
b. Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Explanation:
The meninges are the membranes around the central nervous system, and this is the correct order from outermost to innermost.

6. 3. Cerebrospinal fluid functions to ____ the brain.
cushion
nourish
support
All of the above
D. All of the above

7. 3. Cerebrospinal fluid functions to ____ the brain.
Answer:
d. All of the above
Explanation:
Cerebrospinal fluid fills the internal cavities of the brain and spinal cord. It functions to absorb shock, provide support, and bring nourishment to the nerve tissue.

8. 4. True or false? In the cerebrum, gray matter is deep to the white matter; in the spinal cord, it is superficial to the white matter.
True
False
B. False

9. 4. True or false? In the cerebrum, gray matter is deep to the white matter; in the spinal cord, it is superficial to the white matter.
Answer:
b. False
Explanation:
In the cerebrum, the cortex is made of gray matter, while underlying it is the white matter. In the spinal cord, this is reversed.

10. 5. Peripheral nerves that emerge from the brain are called ____.
spinal nerves
autonomic nerves
motor nerves
cranial nerves
D. cranial nerves

11. 5. Peripheral nerves that emerge from the brain are called ____.
Answer:
d. cranial nerves
Explanation:
Peripheral nerves that emerge from the brain are cranial nerves; those that emerge from the spinal cord are spinal nerves.

12. 6. The ventricles of the brain contain ___.
gray matter
white matter
cerebrospinal fluid
myelin
C. cerebrospinal fluid

13. 6. The ventricles of the brain contain ___.
Answer:
c. cerebrospinal fluid
Explanation:
The ventricles are internal cavities of the brain that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid.

14. 7. The blood-brain barrier is formed by ____.
tough connective tissue membranes called the meninges
tight junctions between the cells of capillaries in the brain
the white matter of the corpus callosum
cerebrospinal fluid
B. tight junctions between the cells of capillaries in the brain

15. 7. The blood-brain barrier is formed by ____.
Answer:
b. tight junctions between the cells of capillaries in the brain
Explanation:
The blood-brain barrier is a protective mechanism that helps control what substances may enter the cerebrospinal fluid and thus contact the brain. Tight junctions between the capillary cells force substances to pass through the cell membranes. This allows the capillary cells to selectively filter what leaves the blood and enters the cerebrospinal fluid.

16. 8. Spinal nerves are able to carry which of the following types of information?
Intelligence carried in the interneurons
Motor only
Sensory only
Both motor and sensory
D. Both motor and sensory

17. 8. Spinal nerves are able to carry which of the following types of information?
Answer:
d. Both motor and sensory
Explanation:
Spinal nerves conduct sensory and motor information between the CNS and a specific region of the body.

18. 9. The peripheral nervous system is subdivided into the ____ and the ____ nervous systems.
central; autonomic
autonomic; somatic
brain; spinal cord
spinal cord; nerves
B. autonomic; somatic

19. 9. The peripheral nervous system is subdivided into the ____ and the ____ nervous systems.
Answer:
b. autonomic; somatic
Explanation:
The autonomic subdivision governs involuntary, subconscious activities of glands, smooth muscle, and cardiac muscle, while the somatic subdivision carries signals that result in sensation and voluntary movement of skeletal muscle.

20. 10. Responses to stress, such as an increase in heart rate and respiratory rate, are stimulated by the ____.
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
cerebrum
A. sympathetic nervous system

21. 10. Responses to stress, such as an increase in heart rate and respiratory rate, are stimulated by the ____.
Answer:
a. sympathetic nervous system
Explanation:
The sympathetic nervous system takes over control of organs in an emergency, when the body is under stress. The parasympathetic nervous system turns off the sympathetic nervous system to conserve energy and is active in relaxed conditions.

22. 11. The thin, most superficial layer of the cerebrum is called the ____.
dura mater
cerebrospinal fluid
cerebral cortex
primary motor area
C. cerebral cortex

23. 11. The thin, most superficial layer of the cerebrum is called the ____.
Answer:
c. cerebral cortex
Explanation:
The outermost layer of gray matter in the cerebrum is called the cerebral cortex.

24. 12. Which part of the brain is most important in your recall of information for this test?
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Medulla oblongata
Thalamus
B. Cerebrum

25. 12. Which part of the brain is most important in your recall of information for this test?
Answer:
b. Cerebrum
Explanation:
The cerebrum is the part of the brain that gathers sensory input, formulates motor output, and analyzes all of the information.

26. 13. The part of the brain that contains reflex centers for many vital body functions, such as respiration and blood pressure control, is the ____.
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
medulla oblongata
spinal cord
C. medulla oblongata

27. 13. The part of the brain that contains reflex centers for many vital body functions, such as respiration and blood pressure control, is the ____.
Answer:
c. medulla oblongata
Explanation:
The medulla controls many of life’s basic processes, including the breathing rate, the force and rate of heart contraction, and blood pressure.

28. 14. Incoming somatosensory signals pass through the ____ on their way to the ____.
hypothalamus; medulla oblongata
corpus callosum; primary motor area
limbic system; frontal lobe
thalamus; parietal lobe
D. thalamus; parietal lobe

29. 14. Incoming somatosensory signals pass through the ____ on their way to the ____.
Answer:
d. thalamus; parietal lobe
Explanation:
The thalamus acts as a relay station for incoming somatosensory signals. It sends them to the primary somatosensory area in the parietal lobe.

30. 15. The group of structures in the brain that help to produce emotions and memories is collectively called the ____.
limbic system
hypothalamus
pons
reticular activating system
A. limbic system

31. 15. The group of structures in the brain that help to produce emotions and memories is collectively called the ____.
Answer:
a. limbic system
Explanation:
The limbic system includes parts of several brain regions and their connecting neural pathways. The limbic system allows us to experience many emotions and helps us to form memories.

32. 16. What part of our brain takes the information you just heard in lecture and (hopefully) converts it from short-term memory to long-term memory?
Corpus callosum
Hippocampus
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
B. Hippocampus

33. 16. What part of our brain takes the information you just heard in lecture and (hopefully) converts it from short-term memory to long-term memory?
Answer:
b. Hippocampus
Explanation:
It is a part of the limbic system that is essential to converting short-term memory to long-term memory. Not all short-term memories get consolidated into long-term memories, but when they do, the hippocampus plays an essential role.

34. 17. What area of the brain filters sensory information and helps to keep us alert?
Cerebral cortex
Hippocampus
Medulla
Reticular Activating System (RAS)
D. Reticular Activating System (RAS)

35. 17. What area of the brain filters sensory information and helps to keep us alert?
Answer:
d. Reticular Activating System (RAS)
Explanation:
The reticular activating system filters sensory input and activates the cerebral cortex, keeping it alert.

36. 18. True or false? The primary function of a spinal reflex is to perform a predictable response to a given stimulus.
True
False
A. True

37. 18. True or false? The primary function of a spinal reflex is to perform a predictable response to a given stimulus.
Answer:
a. True
Explanation:
A reflex is an automatic response to a stimulus. It often functions to prevent injury to tissues. Spinal reflexes are essentially “decisions” made by the spinal cord. They are beneficial when a speedy reaction is important to a person’s safety.