Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Intro. to Meteorological Analysis– MT 2230 Plymouth State University
LAB 7 NOTES Dr. Sam Miller Intro. to Meteorological Analysis– MT 2230 Plymouth State University 1
2
Troughs and Ridges
3
Troughs & Ridges Ridge – elongated region of clockwise curvature in the wind field Anticyclonic Drawn as a zigzagging line Trough – elongated region of counterclockwise curvature in the wind field Cyclonic Drawn as a curved line (sometimes dashed)
4
Troughs & Ridges Both are visible in the wind field and the height contours
6
WIND FLOW ALOFT
7
REGIONS OF CYCLONIC CURVATURE (AXES MARK SHARPEST TURNING)
8
REGION OF ANTICYCLONIC CURVATURE (AXIS MARKS SHARPEST TURNING)
9
TROUGH (TROF) RIDGE TROUGH (TROF)
10
Divergence & Convergence Aloft
11
TROUGH (TROF) RIDGE TROUGH (TROF)
16
HEIGHT CONTOURS
17
L LOW HEIGHTS H H HIGH HEIGHTS HIGH HEIGHTS
18
Recall characteristics of forces in the
free troposphere: Pressure Gradient Force (PGF): Points across isobars (or height contours) toward lower pressure (heights) Coriolis Force (CoF): Points 90 degrees to the right of the wind direction (Northern Hemisphere) Centrifugal Force (CeF): Points away from the focus of curvature (not present in straight flow)
19
L H H
20
REGIONS OF STRAIGHT-LINE FLOW
21
REGIONS OF CURVED FLOW L H H
22
FORCES IN CURVED REGIONS
CeF CeF PGF PGF L CoF CoF FORCES IN CURVED REGIONS H H PGF CoF CeF
23
CeF CeF PGF PGF L CoF CoF H H PGF CoF CeF
24
CeF CeF PGF PGF L CoF CoF H H PGF CoF PGF & CeF IN OPPOSITION CeF
25
L H H CeF CeF PGF PGF CoF CoF WIND SLOWS DOWN PGF IN BASE OF TROUGH
26
CeF PGF & CeF ARE ADDITIVE CeF PGF PGF L CoF CoF H H PGF CoF CeF
27
WIND SPEEDS UP AT TOP OF RIDGE
CeF CeF WIND SPEEDS UP AT TOP OF RIDGE PGF PGF L CoF CoF H H PGF CoF CeF
28
MAXIMUM SPEED MAXIMUM SPEED L H H MINIMUM SPEED
29
L SLOWING DOWN SPEEDING UP H H
30
L CONVERGENCE ALOFT DIVERGENCE ALOFT H H
31
Implications of Divergence Aloft
32
Divergence occurs downwind of an upper-level trough and upwind of an upper-level ridge
ALOFT H
33
UP DIVERGENCE ALOFT SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST
POLAR JET SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST
34
UP MASS REMOVAL SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST
POLAR JET MASS REMOVAL SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST
35
UP MASS REMOVAL SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST
TROPOPAUSE PREVENTS VERTICAL MOTION UP POLAR JET MASS REMOVAL SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST
36
MASS PULLED UP FROM BELOW TO REPLACE MASS REMOVED BY DIVERGENCE ALOFT
TROPOPAUSE PREVENTS VERTICAL MOTION UP POLAR JET MASS PULLED UP FROM BELOW TO REPLACE MASS REMOVED BY DIVERGENCE ALOFT SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST
37
UPWARD VERTICAL MOTION IS INDUCED
TROPOPAUSE PREVENTS VERTICAL MOTION UP POLAR JET UPWARD VERTICAL MOTION IS INDUCED SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST
38
UP MASS REMOVAL SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST
TROPOPAUSE PREVENTS VERTICAL MOTION UP POLAR JET MASS REMOVAL SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST
39
LESS MASS = PRESSURE FALLS
TROPOPAUSE PREVENTS VERTICAL MOTION UP POLAR JET LESS MASS = PRESSURE FALLS SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST
40
AREA OF LOW PRESSURE ON SURFACE
TROPOPAUSE PREVENTS VERTICAL MOTION UP POLAR JET L AREA OF LOW PRESSURE ON SURFACE SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST
41
HIGHER PRESSURE ON ALL SIDES
TROPOPAUSE PREVENTS VERTICAL MOTION UP POLAR JET H L H HIGHER PRESSURE ON ALL SIDES SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST
42
H L H UP SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST TROPOPAUSE PREVENTS VERTICAL MOTION
POLAR JET TOP OF ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER H L H SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST
43
H L H UP SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST TROPOPAUSE PREVENTS VERTICAL MOTION
POLAR JET TOP OF ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER H L H FRICTION PRESENT: WIND CROSSES TO LOWER PRESSURE SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST
44
H L H UP SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST TROPOPAUSE PREVENTS VERTICAL MOTION
POLAR JET TOP OF ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER H L H LOW-LEVEL CONVERGENCE SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST
45
UPWARD VERTICAL MOTION
DIVERGENCE ALOFT POLAR JET UPWARD VERTICAL MOTION (CHIMNEY) L LOW-LEVEL CONVERGENCE SOUTHWEST NORTHEAST
46
Chimney SURFACE
47
Implications of Convergence Aloft
48
Convergence occurs downwind of an upper-level ridge and upwind of an upper-level trough
ALOFT
49
UP CONVERGENCE ALOFT NORTHWEST SOUTHEAST
POLAR JET NORTHWEST SOUTHEAST
50
UP MASS PILES UP NORTHWEST SOUTHEAST
TROPOPAUSE PREVENTS VERTICAL MOTION UP POLAR JET MASS PILES UP NORTHWEST SOUTHEAST
51
UP EXCESS MASS SINKS NORTHWEST SOUTHEAST
TROPOPAUSE PREVENTS VERTICAL MOTION UP POLAR JET EXCESS MASS SINKS NORTHWEST SOUTHEAST
52
DOWNWARD VERTICAL MOTION IS INDUCED
TROPOPAUSE PREVENTS VERTICAL MOTION UP POLAR JET DOWNWARD VERTICAL MOTION IS INDUCED NORTHWEST SOUTHEAST
53
UP MASS ADDED NORTHWEST SOUTHEAST
TROPOPAUSE PREVENTS VERTICAL MOTION UP POLAR JET MASS ADDED NORTHWEST SOUTHEAST
54
ADDITIONAL MASS = PRESSURE RISES
TROPOPAUSE PREVENTS VERTICAL MOTION UP POLAR JET ADDITIONAL MASS = PRESSURE RISES NORTHWEST SOUTHEAST
55
AREA OF HIGH PRESSURE ON SURFACE
TROPOPAUSE PREVENTS VERTICAL MOTION UP POLAR JET H AREA OF HIGH PRESSURE ON SURFACE NORTHWEST SOUTHEAST
56
LOWER PRESSURE ON ALL SIDES
TROPOPAUSE PREVENTS VERTICAL MOTION UP POLAR JET L H L LOWER PRESSURE ON ALL SIDES NORTHWEST SOUTHEAST
57
L H L UP NORTHWEST SOUTHEAST TROPOPAUSE PREVENTS VERTICAL MOTION
POLAR JET TOP OF ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER L H L FRICTION PRESENT: WIND CROSSES TO LOWER PRESSURE NORTHWEST SOUTHEAST
58
L H L UP NORTHWEST SOUTHEAST TROPOPAUSE PREVENTS VERTICAL MOTION
POLAR JET TOP OF ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER L H L LOW-LEVEL DIVERGENCE NORTHWEST SOUTHEAST
59
DOWNWARD VERTICAL MOTION
UP CONVERGENCE ALOFT POLAR JET DOWNWARD VERTICAL MOTION (DAMPER) H LOW-LEVEL DIVERGENCE NORTHWEST SOUTHEAST
60
Damper SURFACE
61
Review
62
TROPOPAUSE CHIMNEY DAMPER SURFACE
Similar presentations
