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Planning, Composing & Revising

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Presentation on theme: "Planning, Composing & Revising"— Presentation transcript:

1 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, All Rights Reserved.

2 Planning, Composing & Revising
Chapter 5 Planning, Composing & Revising Good Writers Four Composing Activities Time Management Brainstorm, Plan, & Organize Revise, Edit, and Proofread Feedback Writer’s Block

3 Ways Good Writers Write
Revise first drafts Write regularly Break big jobs into small chunks Focus on purpose, audience Choose from several different strategies Use rules flexibly Finish a draft before editing text

4 Four Basic Composing Activities
Plan – analyze, gather Write – transform ideas into words Revise – evaluate, get feedback, change Edit – correct grammar, typos

5 1. Planning Analyze problem, define purposes, analyze audiences
Think of information; gather it Research: files, books, magazines, Web sites Choose organization pattern Make an outline

6 2. Writing Put ideas into words on paper or screen Make a list
Jot notes Do stream-of-consciousness writing Create formal draft

7 3. Revising Evaluate in terms of audience, goals, and situation
Will audience understand it? Is it complete? Is it convincing; also, friendly? Get feedback from someone else Add, delete, substitute, or rearrange single words or large sections.

8 4. Editing Focus on surface of message:
Standard English Grammar & spelling Capitalization & punctuation Business principles Build goodwill Use conventional format Proofread; correct typographical errors

9 More About Composing Activities
Don’t have to do in order Don’t have to finish one to start another Don’t have to use all activities for every message

10 Writing & Time Management
1/3 - Analyze situation, gather information, organize message 1/3 - Write 1/3 – Revise, edit, and proofread

11 Brainstorm, Plan & Organize
When content isn’t obvious— Brainstorm Freewrite Cluster Talk to audiences

12 Brainstorm Quickly jot all the ideas you can
Try for a dozen ideas without stopping When ideas run out, judge each idea on list

13 Freewrite Write nonstop for 10 to 12 min.
Read and identify best points Repeat Step 1 on clean page Keep all usable text

14 Cluster Write topic at middle of page Write related ideas around it
Look for patterns, repeated ideas Group related ideas by color Use groups to develop content

15 Cluster: Example

16 Talk to Your Audiences Involve readers in planning
Helps reduce the number of revisions

17 Revise, Edit & Proofread
Revise – change content to satisfy purposes and audiences Edit – change mechanical flaws, grammar errors Proofread – correct typing errors

18 When You Revise Revise draft three times or more Content and clarity
Organization and layout Goodwill factors You-attitude Positive emphasis Tone and style

19 When You Revise, continued…
Try redrafting on blank page and use WIRMI: What I Really Mean Is Read the document from start to finish Do light revision when time is short

20 Revise Content & Clarity
Are all purposes met? Is needed information included, accurate, and clear? Is the message easy to read? Is each sentence clear? Is logic clear and convincing? Is logic backed up with details?

21 Revise Organization & Layout
Is organization pattern effective? Do ideas flow smoothly? Is visual design effective? Is emphasis appropriate? Are first and last paragraphs effective? Visual Design = Margins Headings Font size Bullets Bold text White space

22 Recall 10 Easy-Reading Techniques Chapter 4
Revise Style & Tone Does the message use you-attitude and positive emphasis? Is it friendly and bias-free? Does it convey goodwill? Recall 10 Easy-Reading Techniques Chapter 4

23 When You Edit Revise first; then edit Edit hard copy, not screen
Check errors you often make: Sentence structure Agreement: subj./verb, noun/pro. Punctuation, numbers Word usage, spelling

24 When You Proofread Check with spell checker and by eye
Swap copy with proofing buddy Read once quickly for meaning Read again slowly Correct any error; reread that line When you know text well— Read backward (short) Read pages out of order (long) Triple-Check Numbers Headings First ¶ Last ¶ Reader’s name

25 Use Feedback Ask for feedback you want
Approach  Benefits  Tone  Grammar Heed comments, even if you disagree Rephrase Give more details Document sources

26 Overcome Writer’s Block
Prepare for writing Write regularly and in moderation Use positive self-talk about writing Talk about writing with others

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