1. Chapter 6 Nationalism and Ultranationalism To What Extent Should We
(pages 136 – 157)
To What Extent Should We
Embrace Nationalism?
- October Crisis, Quebec 1970

2. CHAPTER ISSUE: To What Extent Can Nationalism Lead to Ultranationalism
CHAPTER ISSUE: To What Extent Can Nationalism Lead to Ultranationalism? (pg 137)
Key Terms:
Ultranationalism
Propaganda
Appeasement
Conscription

3. Ultranationalism
An extreme form of nationalism. Ultranationalists are fanatically loyal to their own nation and hostile/racist towards other nations.
When does nationalism become ultra-nationalism?

4. Russian Ultranationalism
The Soviet Union disintegrated in 1991, resulting in Russia and 14 other republics.
The transition was difficult and was made worse by unemployment, poverty, along with drastic social changes. This triggered extreme nationalistic feelings among the different ethnic groups of Russia.

5. Russia Under Stalin
Up until the early 1900s Russia was an absolute monarchy.
The Russian Revolution of 1918 resulted in the assassination of the czar and royal family. The nation was recovering from the effects of WWI and they were forced into a civil war which brought on more suffering.

6. By 1928 Joseph Stalin was the Communist leader of Russia
He took control of all privately owned land and created collective farms that were owned by the state.
Those who opposed were executed and approximately 5 million people were deported to forced-labour camps in Siberia or Central Asia.

7. Stalin…
He wanted to assimilate the 100+ different ethnic groups to conform with Soviet nationalism.
When the Ukrainian population objected, their crops were confiscated and over 10 million starved to death in the 1930s.
Stalin also banned the use of the Ukrainian language in public.

8. Propaganda
Cold War Propaganda

9. The War on Terror

10. Anti-American Propaganda

11. Propaganda:
Information and ideas that are spread to achieve a specific goal. The information and ideas are often misleading and dishonest.
Extreme nationalists use propaganda to manipulate strong human emotions, mainly fear and insecurity – and persuade people to behave in a certain way.

12. Propaganda Then… Adolf Hitler Blamed the Jews for Germany’s hardship
after WWI. He was responsible for the
deaths of millions of innocent civilians
during WWII.
Convinced the German people that they
were the superior race and would
someday rule the world.
Censored radio, newspapers and freedom
of speech to control the type of
information the German people were
receiving.

13. …and now George Bush: Blamed Saddam Hussein for Sept 11, invaded
Iraq killing thousands of innocent civilians.
Convinced the American people that Iraq had
weapons of mass destruction so that he could
invade that country to take control of their vast
oil supply.
Ensures that the media (i.e. CNN) only have
access to certain information. Always depicting
the American invasion of Iraq in a positive light,
only giving one side of the story.

14. When a Country is in Crisis
In times of drought, famine, depression,
anger, fear and war it is easier for a leader
to unite his/her people. Leaders will use
propaganda to blame another country, race
or organization in order to achieve their own
hidden agenda (i.e. power, wealth, land,
resources, etc.).
- See the activity on pg on
Assessing the Validity of Information…

15. Countries in Crisis Germany after WWI (1920s)
Their Government was in turmoil
The Great Depression of 1929
High National Debt
Extreme Inflation
German money was almost worthless
High Unemployment
The citizens of Germany were desperate to find a leader that could pull them out of who could solve the country’s problems

16. Adolf Hitler
Started the Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party (The Nazi Party).
He began to gain support and after several failed attempts he was elected to lead Germany in 1933.
He dissolved the parliament and started the Nazi Reich (or empire) and declared himself the dictator.
Freedom of the press and freedom of assembly were suspended and postal, telegraph and telephone communications were no longer private.

17. Countries in Crisis… Japan after WWI
The Great Depression limited trade to North America and Europe.
1932 massive crop failures caused famine throughout the country.
The USA, Canada and Australia banned Japanese immigrants.
By 1937 the military controlled Japan’s government and they were at war with China
Military leaders brought back traditional warrior values and created a cult around the emperor, Hirohito.

18. Charismatic Leaders: Adolf Hitler in Germany (pg.145)
Hirohito and Tojo in Japan
Were all ultranationalist leaders who used propaganda to transform their countries from defeated, poverty- stricken nations to power-houses on the world scale.
They controlled the education system, the media and the communication systems.
- Check out the Spinbuster (pg 146) Analyzing Propaganda

19. Ultranationalist Values in Germany
The “Master Race” was called on to build an Empire.
Wanted to rid the population of socialists, Jews, Roma (gypsies), homosexuals and people with disabilities.
History books were re-written and from elementary to university students were taught these values.
Kristallnacht - (night of broken glass) where gangs of Nazis destoyed Jewish property and assaulted them.
The Nazis passed laws taking away all rights from the Jewish people. They could no longer own property, go to school, work as professionals, have a driver’s license.
“Wherever they burn books, they will also,
in the end, burn human beings.”
- Heinrich Heine

20. Ultranationlist Values in Japan
Like the Nazis they wanted to return to their mythical values of the past.
Believed that they were a superior race and should dominate other countries.
Western books, ideas and values were scorned and the ideals of Nazi Germany were praised.
The Japanese religion, Shinto, was used to unite the people around the Emperor.
Kamikaze Pilots – crashed their planes into Allied ships when once they knew that they were losing the war.

21. How Have People Responded to Ultranationalism?
Appeasement
- giving into demands
- this was the policy used by the USA and Britain when Hitler began to invade other European countries in 1933.
*see Fig 6-15 on page 149 to see the expansion of
Germany between
*Do you think that appeasement was the decision in 1933?
*What does 20/20 hindsight mean?