1. DEMOCRATIC DEVELOPMENT 16-2
Essential Question: Discuss the effects of the Magna Carta on the English Bill of Rights and the Declaration of Independence

2. Enlightened Despots

3. Enlightened Despots A ruler who has absolute power
Wants to use the power in a just and Enlightened way

4. Fredrick II of Prussia (present day Poland and Northern Germany)
Fredrick the Great
Ruled
Enlightened thinker---- “first servant of the state”
Did not see people as equals
Reforms made
Religious tolerance
Made legal system more just
Allowed greater freedom of the press
Improved education
Outlawed torture
Did NOT aid the serfs
Did NOT help the Jew

5. Fredrick II of Prussia
Video

6. JOSEPH II OF AUSTRIA Made reforms based on principles of equality
Ruled from
Made reforms based on principles of equality
Abolished serfdom
Allowed freedom of the press
Freedom of religion --- even for the Jews
Outlawed torture
Abolished the death penalty
Nobles opposed the changes and many stopped after the death of Joseph

7. CATHERINE THE GREAT Ruled from 1762-1796 Enlightened ruler
Governed based on Montesquieu’s ideas
Encouraged scientific farming methods
Developed Russia’s natural resources
Opened hospitals
Opened schools, one for girls and arts
Planned to end serfdom, after revolt changed her mind
Gave nobles absolute power over the serfs
Video

8. DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Edison
Americans revolted against Great Britain and created a democracy based on Enlightenment ideas
Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Edison
Believed reason was the key to understanding both the natural and social orders of the world
Promoted freedom of religion
Used Enlightenment ideas about political rights and unjust rule to defend their opposition to British rule

9. AMERICAN ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS

10. Revolution “taxation without representation”
Colonists were angry that they were being taxed without representation in parliament
“taxation without representation”

11. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE
July 4, 1776
The Declaration of Independence is based on the beliefs of John Locke
Natural law and human rights --- “ all men are created equal”
People have the right to change the government if the government is not protecting the people
The declaration also lists the violations of the colonists rights by the king
Builds on the principles of the Magna Carta

12. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE

13. United States Constitution

14. United States Constitution
Replaced the Articles of Confederation with a stronger federal government
Based on Enlightenment ideas

15. 1791 Bill of rights were added to protect the rights of the people
Ensured freedoms of speech, religion and press
Modeled after the English Bill of Rights of 1689

16. BILL OF RIGHTS

17. FRENCH REVOLUTION The American Revolution gave hope to the French
Adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizen
Protects the rights to liberty , property, security and resistance to oppression