1. The Protestant Reformation

2. Causes of the Reformation
100 Years War and Black Death
Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church
The Corruption within the Catholic Church
Humanism of the Renaissance

3. What was the Protestant Reformation?
Prior to the Reformation most Christians in Western Europe were Roman Catholic
The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church
People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church

4. What was the Protestant Reformation?
In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions
The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions

5. What was the Protestant Reformation?
CHRISTIANITY
PROTESTANT
CATHOLIC

6. The Reformers
Martin Luther
John Calvin
Ulrich Zwingli
Henry VIII

7. Martin Luther Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany
Father encouraged him to study law
A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk

8. Martin Luther
He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven
He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort
In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for

9. “The righteous shall by his faith.”
ROMANS 1:17
“The righteous shall by his faith.”
Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.

10. Luther's 95 Theses
A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)
He criticized:
The Power of the Pope
The Extreme Wealth of the Church
Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

11. Luther's 95 Theses
Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs
Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany
Gained support from people and criticism from Church

12. Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas
Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms
The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants

13. Church Reaction Leo X excommunicates Luther
Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor) summons Luther to Diet of Worms
Luther refuses to recant his views
Declared an outlaw
Decade later Charles V institutes the Peace of Augsburg

14. Major Leaders Ulrich Zwingli John Calvin
Stressed importance of the Bible
Rejected elaborate church ritual
John Calvin
Shared many of Luther’s beliefs
Preached predestination
world divided into sinners and saints
John Calvin

15. John Calvin Set up theocracy in Geneva
Attempted to build a truly Christian Society
Calvinism not accepted by Catholics and Lutherans
Ignites wars of religion in France

16. Salvation
Catholics
achieve it through faith, following rituals, and good works
Lutherans
achieve it through faith
Calvinists
God alone predetermines who will be saved

17. Christianity Protestant Catholic Lutheran Calvinism Puritan
Presbyterian
Puritan
Hugeunots

18. Explosion of Protestant Sects
New Protestant sects sprang up during the Reformation
Some followed teachers of the other reformers and some had new ideas
Example would be the Anabaptists
Believed in Adult Baptism
Ancestors of modern day Baptists, Mennonites, & Amish

20. English Reformation Henry VIII > Protestant Reformer
Pope refused to annul (divorce) him from Catherine of Aragon
Mad > takes over English Church
Act of Supremacy
declares him head of the church
Rejects many Protestant doctrines
Edward VI takes the throne
Makes England a Protestant country
Mary Tudor (Bloody Mary) takes throne
Back to a Catholic country
Elizabeth I takes throne
Restores unity with Religious Compromise
England religiously tolerant but a Protestant Country

21. Catholic Reformation Also known as the Counter Reformation
Attempt to end corruption
Council of Trent formed
Met 20 years
Reaffirmed traditional Catholic views of salvation, etc.
Took steps to end abuses
Provided stiff penalties
Est. more schools to challenge Protestant teachings
Inquisition strengthened to fight Protestants
Books of Luther and Calvin were forbidden
New religious order recognized > Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
Led by Ignatius of Loyola
Job was to defend and spread Catholicism
Religious conflict will cont. > lead to wars > division to this day between Protestants and Catholics

22. Widespread Persecution
period of heightened religious passion which will lead to persecution
Tens of thousands of men and women died as victim of witch hunts
Had to do with the twin belief in Christianity and magic
Targets were
Outcasts
Beggars
Midwives
Herbalists
Jews also a target of persecution
Pressure for Jews to convert
Jews forced into ghettos in some cities especially Italy
Restrictions/Discrimination of Jews in many European states