2. Three Sections of the Cell
Cell = Basic unit of life
All cells take in food, rid waste, reproduce
3 main sections
1) Nucleus
2) Cytoplasm
3) Plasma Membrane

3. Cytoplasm Jelly-like material inside of the cell
Continuously in motion
Most organelles float within
Job: Allow chemical reactions to take place

4. Plasma Membrane Aka: Cell Membrane Job: Allow materials to enter/exit
Composition: Lipids & proteins
Semi-Permeable: only some materials may enter and exit
Through pores
Through protein channels (animation)

5. Nucleus Job: Controls cell activity Where DNA is made & stored
DNA holds info to make proteins
Inside:
1) Chromatin: long strands of DNA
2) Nucleolus: makes ribosomes

6. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Aka: ER
Rough ER: Tunnel system that transports ribosomes and proteins
Smooth ER: makes fats & breaks down toxins (no ribosomes)

7. Ribosomes Created by nucleolus Transported by the rough ER
Some attached to ER… some free-floating
Transported by the rough ER
Job: make proteins

8. Golgi Apparatus Job: Package and transport proteins out of the cell
Protein Creation Process Review
1) Chromatin (DNA) hold instructions for making proteins
2) Nucleolus makes a ribosome
3) Ribosome makes protein & travels through rough ER
4) Golgi Body packages the protein into a vesicle and exports them

9. Golgi Body in action

10. Mitochondria Powerhouse: Releases energy to the cell
Job: Create ATP (energy molecule used by cells) in a process called cellular respiration
Why more abundant in muscle cells?
Endosymbiosis theory: Once free living organisms
Evidence: Own DNA, own ribosomes, make proteins, replicate

11. Lysosome
Contain digestive enzymes
Functions:
1) Break down food
2) Kill bacteria
3) Autolysis: Destroy dying cell

12. Cilia & Flagella
Made of protein
Used in locomotion
Cilia = short hair like extensions (numerous)
Flagella = long whip-like extension (very few)

13. That one magical night!

15. Vacuole Job: Stores food, water, waste, color pigments
Job: add support
Swells & shrinks with H2O supply
Plant cells: Large central vacuole (as pictured)
Animal cells: Scattered smaller vacuoles

17. Cell Wall Outermost layer of plant, fungi, & bacteria cells
Job: Adds support to growing plants
Made of tough cellulose
Hard to digest
Witnessed by Robert Hooke in 1665

18. Chloroplast Job: Perform photosynthesis (plants)
CO2 + H20 + sunlight  Sugar + O2
Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight & converts it into glucose (sugar)
Endosymbiosis theory: Once free-living organisms
Evidence: Own DNA, own ribosomes, make proteins, replicate

19. Kobe Kuiz Pick an organelle…any organelle. Describe its function.
Name 7 organelles that can be found within the cytoplasm.
Describe the pathway that proteins travel from creation to exportation.
List various reasons to help support the theory of endosymbiosis.
Name two organelles that plant cells have an animal cells do not.
Which organelle creates ATP energy for cells?
Which organelle converts sunlight into sugar?
Which organelle creates ribosomes?
Which organelle fuses with the cell membrane to release proteins?
Which molecule holds the information to make a protein?