1. Chapter 7: French Revolution and Napoleon
Section 1: The French Revolution Begins

2. QW #2.2 - Success!!! Success??
In your opinion, was the French Revolution a success or was it a failure? Explain/defend your answer.

3. Section 1: The French Revolution Begins
The Old Order
The Privileged Estates
First Estate – the Roman Catholic Church
Education and relief to poor, but contributed little the government
Second Estate – nobility
Two percent of population, owned 20 percent of the land and paid no tax
Access to high offices exemptions from taxes
The Third Estate
97 percent of population – three groups within the estate
Bourgeoisie > middle class with a high tax rate
Workers of France > very poor
Peasants > 80 percent of population paid taxes to king, tidings to church, and dues to nobles

4. Section 1: The French Revolution Begins
The Forces of Change
Enlightenment Ideas
Inspired by the successes of the Americans in their revolution
Economic Troubles
Economy on the decline and middle class was to be hit hard coupled with the heavy taxes
Poor harvests and people faced starvation
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette lavish living
Weak Leader
Louis and Marie just weren’t good

5. Section 1: The French Revolution Begins
Dawn of the Revolution
National Assembly 1789
Estates-General vote
Third Estate makes a push for representative government
Tennis Court Oath
Storming the Bastille
In search for weapons
to defend the city

6. Section 1: The French Revolution Begins
The Great Fear
Rebellion sweeps the countryside
Peasants raid noble homes and in some cases burned down the houses
Women’s march to protest the price of bread
Turns violent as well
Broke into the palace and killed some guards
The King flees

7. Chapter 7: French Revolution and Napoleon
Section 2: Revolution Brings Reform and Terror

8. Section 2: Revolution Brings Reform and Terror
The Assembly Reforms France
Nobles join the movement out of fear
Turns the tide and the old regime dies
The Rights of Man
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
Looks to the Declaration of Independence for influence
Right to equal justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion
Does not apply to all; Olympe de Gouges
State-Controlled Church
No longer an independent institution in France
Louis Tries to Escape

9. Section 2: Revolution Brings Reform and Terror
Division Develop
A Limited Monarchy 1791
New constitutional monarchy
Factions Split France
Radicals, Moderates, Conservatives
Emigrés and Sans-culottes
QW 2.3 – Left, Right, Center
Make a list of current political leaders and
classify them as liberal, moderates,
or conservatives.

10. Section 2: Revolution Brings Reform and Terror
War and Execution
Other European state fearful of revolution spreading
Austria and Prussia urge to restore monarchy
France at War
Prussian Threat
French people imprison Marie Antoinette and children
Peasants and radicals massacre prisoners
National Assembly abolishes monarchy > declares France a republic

11. Section 2: Revolution Brings Reform and Terror
Jacobins Take control
Jean Paul Marat called for death to all who supported the king
Louis himself was treated as a common citizen
Tried for treason, sentenced to death by the guillotine
War Rages on

12. Section 2: Revolution Brings Reform and Terror
Terror Grips France
Enemies within
Robespierre were radicals who looked to rid all of France’s old ways
Becomes a dictator
Rids the nation of enemies
Tried in the morning > executed in the afternoon
Executed any who were not as radical as he was
Danton > put to death
40k people saw the guillotine
Living in terror, the National Convention turned on Robespierre and executed him
The Directory and Napoleon

13. Chapter 7: French Revolution and Napoleon
Section 3: Napoleon Forges an Empire

14. Section 3: Napoleon Forges an Empire
Napoleon Seizes Power
Many early victories for Bonaparte
Becomes national hero
Coup d’Etat
The Directory had become weak and Napoleon takes control with military force
Britain, Austria, and Russia still at war with France
Ends with a peace accord

15. Section 3: Napoleon Forges an Empire
Napoleon Rules France
The plebiscite
Restoring Order at Home
Economy and Politics
Efficient method of tax collection with a national bank
Ended corruption and inefficiency in the government
Education
Lycees open to all students
Religion
Concordat > separation of Church and State
Napoleonic Code
Eliminated many injustices, but also limited individual freedoms

16. Section 3: Napoleon Forges an Empire
Napoleon Creates an Empire
Crowned Emperor
Loss of American Territories
Haitian Revolt and Louisiana Purchase
Conquering Europe
Austrian Netherlands, Italy, Switzerland
Allied British, Austria, Russia, Sweden
Napoleon’s masterful campaign

17. Section 3: Napoleon Forges an Empire
The Battle of Trafalgar
Admiral Nelson defeats Napoleon
Ensured British naval supremacy and halted his campaign for Britain
The French Empire
Only free areas Britain, Portugal, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire

18. Chapter 7: French Revolution and Napoleon
Section 4: Napoleon’s Empire Collapses

19. Section 4: Napoleon’s Empire Collapses
Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes
The Continental System
Blockade to prevent all trade and communication
Smuggling became a problem
British blockade and the War of 1812
Peninsular War
Continental System does not work
Threat to the Church
Guerilla warfare
The Invasion of Russia
Napoleon advances on Moscow > falls back but gets caught in the snow and is attacked relentlessly

20. Section 4: Napoleon’s Empire Collapses
Napoleon’s Downfall
Napoleon Suffers Defeat
European Allies quick to kick him while he’s down
Generals refuse to fight, Napoleon is captured and exiled to the island of Elba
The Hundred Days
New king becomes unpopular, Napoleon escapes to seize rule to the joy of the French people
The Battle at Waterloo
QW #2.4 – To Follow or Not
Do you feel that Napoleon was a great leader? Explain.

21. Chapter 7: French Revolution and Napoleon
Section 5: The Congress of Vienna

22. Section 5: The Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna – a series of meeting called to set up policies that would establish a collective stability and security for the entire continent
Metternich’s Plan for Europe
Containment of France
Austrian Netherlands and Dutch Republic united to form the Kingdom of the Netherlands
A group of 39 German states were loosely joined as the newly created German Confederation
Switzerland was recognized as an independent nation
Kingdom of Sardinia in Italy was strengthened by adding Genoa

23. Section 5: The Congress of Vienna
Balance of Power
Plan to weaken France not leave it powerless
Legitimacy
Many of the rulers that were dethroned were restored
For the first time, European nations had cooperated in political affairs
Fair and just for a concerned nations

24. Section 5: The Congress of Vienna
Conservative Europe
Holy Alliance > assured Christian principles and defense against revolution between Austria and Prussia
Concert of Europe > ensured European nations would come to each other’s aid if revolutions broke out
Long-Term Legacy

25. Section 5: The Congress of Vienna