1. Induction of Interleukin-19 and Interleukin-22 After Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass 
Chung-Hsi Hsing, MD, Mei-Yi Hsieh, MS, Wei-Yu Chen, MS, Edmund Cheung So, MD, Bor-Chih Cheng, MD, Ming-Shi Chang, PhD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 81, Issue 6, Pages (June 2006)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
(A) Interleukin (IL)-19 and (B) IL-22 serum levels in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Blood samples were collected at 8 time points: (T1) preoperative before anesthesia, (T2) CPB start, (T3) CPB end, (T4) 4 hours post-CPB, (T5) 8 hours post-CPB, (T6) 12 hours post-CPB, (T7) 24 hours post-CPB, and (T8) 48 hours post-CPB. Serum IL-19 and IL-22 were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a pair of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against human IL-19 and IL-22, respectively. *Significant increase compared with T1 level (analysis of variance). Data are means ± standard deviation (n = 25).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
(A) Interleukin (IL)-19, IL-20, and IL-22 transcripts in monocytes were upregulated 8 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) use. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect IL-19, IL-20, IL-22, and β-actin was performed using mRNA isolated from peripheral monocytes from 3 patients preoperatively before anesthesia for CPB (T1) and 8 hours after CPB (T5). (B) The relative quantity of PCR products was analyzed using the Bio-Profil program and expressed as a fold increase relative to T1. The figure represents the expression pattern from 3 patients with similar results.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Cytokines regulate the production of interleukin (IL)-19 by human monocytes in vitro. Purified healthy human monocytes (5 × 106 cells/mL) were treated with 30 mg/mL of human IL-1β, IL-6, as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 20 hours. The culture medium was collected and IL-19 in the medium was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The production of IL-19 was upregulated by stimulation of IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, GM-CSF, and LPS. ⁎Significant increase compared with the untreated group (Kruskal-Wallis test). Data are means ± standard deviation (n = 3).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2006 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions