1. Paragraph summarizing Essay writing

2. Paragraph summarizing tips
Data- Arranged logically or chronologically and linked to each other
First paragraph – Introduction
Middle paragraph – Supports information, examples, references, sources, facts and researches
Last paragraph – Conclusion, any future prediction, any contrary fact or idea, central idea (very important to read last paragraph as sometimes last paragraph is totally opposite to the previous paragraph)

3. Paragraph summarizing tips
Summarize the content in about words only( Don’t exceed more than 50 words)
Use one sentence only.
Capitalize the first words and nouns
Correct grammar including Spellings and Plurals.
Concentrate on the topic sentence and repeated words.

4. Paragraph summarizing tips
No examples, reasons and illustrations.
Summary must be written in third person form. Don’t use I, We… etc.
Summarize each paragraph first, pick the key words and key lines to construct and single sentence.
Time management –  3min Planning, 5min writing, 2min checking for mistakes(spelling, grammar).
Concentrate on the last paragraph as it summarizes the whole content

5. grading criteria- Content
2 - Provides a good summary of the text. All relevant aspects mentioned.
1- Provides a fair summary of the text but misses one or two aspects.
0 - Omits or misrepresents the main aspects of the text

6. grading criteria- Sentence Formation
1- written in single, complete sentence
0 - written in one single, complete sentence however contains less than 5 or more than 75 words with excessive use of capital letters.

7. grading criteria- Grammar
2- Correct grammatical structure
1- Contains grammatical errors but with no hindrance to key message
0- Ineffective

8. grading criteria- Vocabulary
2- Has appropriate choices of words
1- Contains spelling errors, but with no hindrance to key message
0-Has defective word choice which could hinder communication

9. Main strategies Scanning (Identifying the keywords )
Skimming (understanding the content )

10. scanning Repeated words Use the original word. Do not use the synonyms
Never include examples or explanations

11. skimming
Main idea
Identify the topic sentence of each paragraph

12. Common Pattern of summaries
Similar ideas
Contradictory ideas
Cause and effects

13. Similar idea summary Conjunction used are :- And Moreover In addition
Furthermore
For example :- I must wash the dishes. Jamie must put them away
I must wash the dishes, and Jamie must put them away (put the coma before the
conjunction for joining two independent sentences

14. Contradictory idea summary
Conjunction used are :-
But
However
While
Although, Though, even though
Despite, inspite of
For example: We flew to Miami to catch a cruise ship. Our plane was late.
We flew to Miami to catch a cruise ship, but our plane was late (combining two independent clause requires a comma)

15. Cause and effect SUMMARY
Conjunction used are :- So As
Therefore, thus, hence, because of, due to
{ ,so} {as, because of, due to - no comma} { therefore, thus, hence- ; ,}
Rita did not come to the party. She was tired.
Rita did not come to the party because she was tired.

16. Comma conjunction rules
Independent clause , independent clause
Max was alone. His friends went to the party.
Max was alone because his friends went to the party
Dependent clause , independent clause
Since his friends went to the party, Max was alone.
Independent clause dependent clause
Max was alone since his friends went to the party

17. eXERCISE I only made coffee since you already had breakfast.
Since you already had breakfast I only made coffee
She missed her train. She was late
After Jane came from office we went for a movie
Although Jane was a great English teacher she couldn’t change the light bulb safely

18. solution
I only made coffee since you already had breakfast.(independent +dependent no ,)
Since you already had breakfast, I only made coffee(dependent , independent)
She missed her train, as She was late(independent, independent)
After jane came from office, we went for a movie.(dependent , independent)
Although Jane was a great English teacher, she couldn’t change the light bulb safely
(dependent , independent)

19. Appositive Rule
An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun beside it. The appositive can be a short or long combination of words
For eg : My sister got the scholarship, will go to Oxford.
My sister, who got the scholarship, will go to Oxford.

20. EXERCISE My mom is a nurse. She drives a red car.
The boy painted this picture. His name is David.
Cheena had a litter of eight kittens. She is my cat.
The capital of China is Beijing. It is a vibrant city.
Suzi is a gracious loser. She shook her opponents hand at the end of the match.

21. Solutions My mom, who is a nurse, drives a red car.
The boy, who painted this picture, is David.
Cheena , who had a litter of eight kittens, is my cat.
The capital of China, Beijing, is a vibrant city.
Suzi, a gracious loser, shook her opponents hand at the end of the match.

23. Essay Writing ( SCORING)
CONTENT : 3 Adequately deals with the prompt. 2 Deal with the prompt, but does not deal with one minor aspect 1 Deals with the prompt, but omits a major aspect or more than one minor aspect. 0 Does not deal properly with the prompt.

24. Logical Structure
Introduction
Body Paragraphs 2-3
Conclusion

25. Essay writing-INTRODUCTION
Do’s
Don’ts
Use Keywords – First sentence based on those key words.
Paraphrase the prompt ( rephrase it in your own words)
Do not mention any example, effect or solution in the introduction.
Give answer to the prompt question in next sentence

26. Essay writing-Body Paragraphs
Do’s
Don’ts
Should be 2-3 paragraphs
Support the opinion mentioned in the introduction
Don’t go against your own opinion
Consistency with the idea
Avoid Vagueness
Describe the idea
Support your opinion with example, don’t write so many examples
While writing 2 aspects such as causes and effects, advantages and disadvantages, better to write in different paragraphs to avoid ambiguity
No learnt sentences, don’t write any sentence which is not related to your prompt. For eg, Describing causes when effects and solutions are asked.

27. Essay writing-CONCLUSION
Short and central idea of the essay
Any future implication of the trend your essay was based on.
Do not add any different idea from essay in conclusion on however solution to any problem can be written
Agree with your opinion you gave in introduction

28. review Correct spellings, grammar and punctuations
Begin a sentence with a capital letter.
Deal with the prompt
Importance of vocabulary
No repetition of words
Variety of simple sentences, avoid using difficult words.
words