1. Kings vs. Feudalism
Why would some kings be opposed to feudalism?

2. Decentralized Vs. Centralized Power
Decentralization of power – shared power by more than one individual
Centralization of power – power controlled by one individual

3. Kingdoms Throughout Europe
In the years following the fall of Rome, AD, Germanic tribes created kingdoms throughout Europe
In Gaul, a Germanic people called the Franks took control.

4. Clovis
Clovis, leader of the Franks, wanted to centralize government and unify the people, instead of embracing Feudalism.
Wanted to create an empire.
Clovis established a relationship with the church that proved to be very beneficial.

5. Power of the Church
The church, under Pope Gregory I, became very secular
Secular – worldly, power involved in politics
Why would Clovis want to ally himself with the church?

6. Pepin the Short
After the death of Clovis and his successors Charles Martel, Pepin the short became king of the Franks.
He cooperated with the Church and established a dynasty.

7. Charlemagne
After the death of Pepin, his grandson Charlemagne took control of the Franks in an effort to build another empire.
He was successful in this and built an empire greater than any other since the fall of Rome.
His efforts to maintain the relationship with the church helped to fuel his growing power.

8. After his death
After Charlemagne’s death, his empire was decentralized once again and split between his three grandsons, giving way to the system of Feudalism once again.

9. Church Power Expands
With weak governments under Feudalism, the church emerged as a power institution.
Structure: Pope Clergy – Bishops, Priest
Sacraments – Religious ceremonies
Canon Law – Church Law

10. Otto I Otto I – ruler of medieval Germany
Created a strong relationship with the church to maintain his power
Invaded Italy on behalf of the pope
Was rewarded by being crowned Emperor.

11. Lay Investiture Kings have the power to appoint clergy members
How do you think the pope would react to this? Why?

12. Henry IV Pope Gregory eventually banned Lay Investiture
Henry IV was furious – told pope he needed to step down from office
Pope excommunicated Henry
Henry, who now lost his power, begged the pope to forgive him.
After waiting in the snow for 3 days, the pope finally forgave him
What does this show about the power of the church?