Primarily Focusing on Backflow Prevention

Primarily Focusing on Backflow Prevention
February 2012 Primarily Focusing on Backflow Prevention UK WATER REGULATIONS References to the Water Regulations Guide with practical solutions Presentation By Adrian Reeve – Technical Director - Arrow Valves Ltd copyright

www.arrowvalves.co.uk copyright 2001-2019
Objectives February 2012 Fluid Categories – risk classification - New UK standards Regulations 2 – 6 – requirements, solutions and notification Regulations 7 – 14 – penalties, disputes, & revocation Backflow prevention devices - Fluid Categories 2 – 5 Point of use – requirements for each device Sealed heating – regulations and devices Water Fittings Approval Standards – Kiwa, WRAS, NSF Reg 4 Water conservation – requirements and devices Hose Union Taps - requirements and devices Temperature – limit and control Summary We will discuss the different fluid categories compared to the old bylaws, Regulations from 2-5: these are the salient points of the new regulations and cover how we at Arrow Valves design our products and offer advice on their implementation. Backflow: How it occurs, back siphonage vs back pressure I will show you some examples of devices that are designed specifically for relevant categories. Discuss the RPZ valve and how some products have specific installation and test requirements. Sealed heating systems. Our requirement's as manufacturers and compliance in the industry Water conservation and devices that help achieve this. Hose union taps and devices. copyright

The legal UK Water Regulations include -
Regulations & Guidance Available Information February 2012 The legal UK Water Regulations include - The Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations – Statutory Instruments 1148 Schedule 1 – Fluid Categories Schedule 2 – Requirements for Water Fittings Guidance is produced by DETR (DEFRA) and WRAS “Water Regulations Advisory Scheme” The “Water Regulations Guide” contains all the Regulations and Guidance (Replaces Water Supply Byelaws Guide) The water regulations guide is split into 3 main sections, The actual regulations for both the UK and Scotland of which there are 14 for England and Wales, and 9 for Scotland. Schedule 1 that describes the fluid categories, and Schedule 2. Schedule 2 is divided in to 31 paragraphs, which are part of the regulations. This is then sub-divided into sections, with statutory guidance clauses (DETR) the (g) clauses and water supply industry recommendations, the (r) clauses, relevant to each section. Put simply section 2 is that part that tells us how the fittings interact with the regulations, services and comply with backflow. copyright

Guidance February 2012 The Formal, Legal, DETR Guidance to the regulations (Byelaws) – Referred to as ‘G’ Clauses For Example: G7.2 Discuses the ways a distribution pipe enters the building copyright

Recommendations February 2012 The water Supply Industry ‘Recommendations and Comments’ – Referred to as ‘R’ clauses For Example: R7.2 It is essential that pipes entering buildings below ground level are sealed against the entry of fluids, vermin and insects as diagrams G7.2a, G7.2b and G7.2c. Where the incoming pipe: Has less than 750 mm of ground cover above the pipe, or the pipe enters the building at a distance of less than 750 mm form the external face of the wall, the annular space between the outside of the pipe and the inside of the duct between should be provided with insulating material; or Passes through an airspace below an internal suspended lower floor, the pipe should be fully insulated in that air space. copyright

Schedule 1 – Fluid Category Risk Comparison
February 2012 Previous UK Classification European/New UK Classification Typical Examples of Fluids Class 1 Schedule A Risk European Fluid Category 5 Faecal Material, Toxic materials, Butchery, Animal Waste. European Fluid Category 4 Chemical, Carcinogenic, Pesticides, Commercial Heating. Class 2 Schedule B Risk European Fluid Category 3 Ethylene Glycol, Copper Sulphate, Domestic Heating. Class 3 Schedule C Risk European Fluid Category 2 Hot Water, Change in Taste, Colour or Odour. Class one of the old bylaws, was the highest category of contaminated water, with Class 3 being potable water. Wholesome Water European Fluid Category 1 Potable Water as supplied by the Water Undertakers. copyright

Resources available to help us
Chemical Data Base February 2012 Resources available to help us The resources page on the WRAS website, has a chemical database that lists common chemicals and then gives their relevant fluid classification so we can apply the appropriate backflow device. copyright

Application of Regulations
February 2012 2. - (1) Subject to the following provisions of this regulation, these Regulations apply to any water fitting installed or used, or to be installed or used, in premises to which water is or is to be supplied by a water undertaker. (4) Nothing in these Regulations shall require any person to remove, replace, alter, disconnect or cease to use any water fitting which was lawfully installed or used, or capable of being used, before 1st July 1999. Regulation 2. – (1) Any premises that has water supplied by the water board, or is to be supplied by the water board must comply with the regulations. However a premises that complied to the old bylaws, that is before the 1st of July 1999 does not require its water fittings altered or replaced in order to comply with the new regulations “lawfully” means conformance to the Water Byelaws copyright

Regulation 2 Retrospective Clause
February 2012 Example of New Water Regulations applying to existing installations R15.21 “While the Regulations are not retrospective appropriate measures must be taken against any known situation where there is a potential backflow risk from hoses. The offence will be deemed to have been committed when the hose was attached and not when the tap was first installed.” However there are examples where the new regulations apply to existing installations, and these will typically involve hoses and filling loops. So an example here could be an outside hose union tap, fitted under the old water by-laws, but a hose pipe has been fitted and used since the 1st of July 1999 will have to be re- assessed and the appropriate backflow prevention device fitted to comply with the new regulations. The same applies to filling loops etc. copyright

Restriction on installation etc. of water fittings
Regulation 3 Restriction on installation etc. of water fittings February 2012 3. - (1) No person shall - (a) install a water fitting to convey or receive water supplied by a water undertaker, or alter, disconnect or use such a water fitting; or (b) cause or permit such a water fitting to be installed, altered, disconnected or used in such a manner that it causes or is likely to cause - (i) waste, misuse, undue consumption or contamination of water supplied by a water undertaker; or (ii) the erroneous measurement of water supplied by a water undertaker. Restriction on installation of fittings: We are not allowed to fit or alter a water fitting so it causes Waste, misuse, undue consumption or contamination of the water supplied by the water undertaker. We are not allowed to fit or alter a water fitting that will cause the erroneous measurement of water supplied by the undertaker. At Arrow Valves, we divide our products into Backflow Prevention, fluid category 5,4,3 and 2, Heating products, Booster Pumps, Water conservation, Hose union products. Pressure reducing valves, Temperature control and Isolating valves. With our forte being Backflow prevention. So what is Backflow? copyright

What is Backflow? February 2012 “Backflow” means flow upstream, that is in a direction contrary to the intended normal direction of flow, within or from a water fitting. Back Siphonage (Vacuum on supply) Back Pressure (Downstream pressure higher than supply) Some devices are suitable for Back Siphonage only - e.g. DC Pipe Interrupter. Others e.g. BA (RPZ Valve) are suitable for both. So what is Backflow? Press The following 2 slides show examples of back syphonage in action, copyright

Back Siphonage – Tap Gap AUK2
February 2012 Courtesy of WRAS For a working example, this would happen when there is reduced pressure in the mains pipe or rupture, and water is drawn off between these points causing a vacuum and pulling contaminated water backwards. Similar examples are hoses immersed in ponds, water butts or bins. They are on the same supply run to your kitchen tap, and a reduction in downstream pressure will cause water to be drawn from these examples in to the glass you are filling. The following example shows a common situation in hotels or apartments. Press This tap is sucking up water due to a vacuum in the supply pipe and AUK2 Tap Gap. copyright

Point of Use Protection - The Law
February 2012 Backflow prevention devices MUST be fitted at POINTS OF USE - paragraph 15 (1) of the Statutory Instruments (Water Regulations). 15. (1) “Subject to the following provisions of this paragraph, every water system shall contain an adequate device or devices for preventing backflow of fluid from any appliance, fitting or process from occurring”. (2) “The device used to prevent backflow shall be appropriate to the highest applicable fluid category to which the fitting is subject downstream before the next such device”. G15.25 “The provision of zone or whole-site backflow protection should be in addition to individual requirements at points of use and within the system”. Backflow prevention device must be fitted at point of use. Press Must contain an adequate device to prevent backflow The device must be appropriate to the highest applicable fluid category. Zone protection is in addition to individual points (we cant use a cat 5 device to protect a whole site – cross contamination) So what does this mean? The following slide shows point of use protection for 2 similar categorized components, but different outputs. press copyright

Point of Use Protection (Domestic)
February 2012 Fluid Category 5 BTHW AUK 2 Air Gap AUK 1 Air Gap Mains Water Supply Sealed Heating System Fluid Category 3 Fluid Category 3 Double Check Valve Fluid Category 5 AUK 3 Air Gap Fluid Category 3 Double Check Valve Here we have a washing machine and a dishwasher in a commercial environment, The washing machine could be washing soiled clothes and the dishwasher in the staff canteen. Press We show the water supply and 2 RPZ devices individually connecting the appliances. Double check valve after boundary pipe – Whole site protection copyright

Point of Use Protection (Non House)
February 2012 Fluid Category 5 BTHW AUK 3 Air Gap AUK 1 Air Gap Mains Water Supply Sealed Heating System Fluid Category 4 Fluid Category 4 Break Tank and Booster Fluid Category 5 AUK 3 Air Gap Fluid Category 5 Break Tank and Booster Here we have a washing machine and a dishwasher in a commercial environment, The washing machine could be washing soiled clothes and the dishwasher in the staff canteen. Press We show the water supply and 2 RPZ devices individually connecting the appliances. Double check valve after boundary pipe – Whole site protection copyright

“Fluid Category 2 Single Check Valve Category 2 protection
February 2012 Relevant G Clauses – G6.1, G6.1b Single Check Valve Category 2 protection Water whose aesthetic quality is impaired owing to a change in temperature or the presence of a substance or organism causing a change in taste odour or appearance Applications – Domestic water softener Drink vending machines Fire sprinkler systems Ice making machines Whole site protection EA(xx)P453 EB235 Single Check Valves For Washing Machines copyright

“Fluid Category 3 Double Check Valve Category 3 protection
February 2012 Relevant G Clauses – G6.1, G6.1c Double Check Valve Category 3 protection Fluid that represents a slight health hazard, because of the concentration of substances of low toxicity, such as ethylene glycol, copper sulphate, common disenfectants Applications – Domestic clothes and dishwashing Domestic washbasins baths and showers (including hotels etc.) Commercial softening plant (common salt) Domestic hand held hoses (with shut off control) Drink vending machines with CO² EC(xx)P453 ED235 Double Check Valves copyright

Backflow Example – Multi Storey Building
February 2012 Negative pressure – could suck fluid out of bath via shower hose Solution – Secondary Protection Branch Valve Double Check Valve Model BRV Solution - Point of Use Protection Shower Hose Double Check Valve Model ED235 Supply pressure lost – mains or booster failure Man in bath with his supply on the same rising main as the floor below, he has his shower head in the bath as he’s about to wash his hair. Press We have a supply problem as the tap on the floor below is turned on. Here we can see that the water from the bath is being drawn via the shower hose and contaminating the drinking water, Solution: ED 235 Or secondary protection for the floor via a branch valve, so we have 2 statements here, Point of use and secondary protection. Tap turned on – Contaminated! copyright

“Fluid Category 4 RPZ Check Valves Type AF Air Gap DB Pipe Interrupter
February 2012 Relevant G Clauses – G6.1, G6.1d RPZ Check Valves Type AF Air Gap DB Pipe Interrupter Fluid that represents a significant health hazard, pesticides carcinogens or environmental organisms Applications – Primary circuits in other than a house fire sprinkler systems using anti freeze solutions Mini irrigation systems Commercial dish washing machines Chemicals listed on the data base. Remembering our earlier slide where we have 2 types of Back flow, that is back syphonage and back pressure, we have devices that are suitable for both types, or one or the other or maybe even higher and lower combination of the 2, for example the RPZ valve is suitable for both back pressure and back syphonage, but the DB pipe interrupter is only suitable for back syphonage, which limits its application to an open ended system such as irrigation. DB256 Pipe Interrupter BAB RPZ Valve Assembly copyright

“Fluid Category 5 (Pumped)
February 2012 Relevant G Clauses – G6.1, G6.1e AB Air Gap Category 5 protection Fluid representing a serious health hazard because of the concentration of pathogenic organisms, radioactive or very toxic substances. Air Gap AB Applications – “Non-Domestic” Hose Union taps e.g. Waste Bin Washing Wash-down Irrigation Laboratories Rain water Baths/Showers - Healthcare Bed pan washers Midi Break Wall mounted “Boost-A-Break” Fixed speed Break Tank and Booster - model BTAB copyright

“Fluid Category 5 (Gravity) AB & DC Air Gap Category 5 protection
February 2012 Relevant G Clauses – G6.1, G6.1e AB & DC Air Gap Category 5 protection Applications – Chemical toilet waste disposal WC urinals Rain water Baths/Showers - Healthcare With gravity fed devices, height is the key factor in obtaining a usable flow and pressure at the intended outlet. Restrictions downstream on pipe interrupters will cause them to flood! DC Pipe Interrupters AB18T Rain water Header Tank copyright

Hot Water & Fluid Category 5
February 2012 Relevant G Clauses – G15.9, G15.11, G15.14 Hot water becomes a problem for fluid category 5 as any stored water will get cold in the storage tank and will need to be discharged before hot water comes through. Plus we run the risk of promoting bacterial growth. We can have dedicated water heaters for point of use protection, or specific products that store hot water in their own unique way. Thermostatically controlled shower (model CSABATLF) Applications – Healthcare (assisted bathing), Nursing homes, Veterinary, Dog grooming, Medical, Mortuary, Butchery, Bidet, Toilet (paperless) copyright

“Pent-A-Boost” – Wholesome Water
February 2012 Relevant G Clauses – G6.1, G16.13 Pumps that draw more than 12 litres/min can’t be connected directly to the mains and must be separated via a break tank AF Air Gap Category 4 protection Applications – Boosts pressure for high buildings where the mains supply is inadequate Due to minimum guaranteed water pressures, there are times when we need to boost the mains water pressure into our building, we have to “break” the mains supply should the pumps deliver more than 12 liters/min. We introduce risks associated with stored water such as temperature change, and the promotion of bacterial growth and correct sizing of our break tank to insure a good turn over of water is a sensible solution. “Pent-A-Boost” Variable Speed Compact Domestic Booster - model BTAF e.g. penthouse suites “Pent-A-Boost” Dual pump copyright

Requirements for water fittings etc.
Regulation 4 Requirements for water fittings etc. February 2012 4. - (1) Every water fitting shall - (a) be of an appropriate quality and standard; and (b) be suitable for the circumstances in which it is used. (2) For the purposes of this regulation, a water fitting is of an appropriate quality or standard only if - (a) it bears an appropriate CE marking in accordance with the Directive; (b) it conforms to an appropriate harmonized standard or European technical approval; (c) it conforms to an appropriate British Standard or some other national specification of an EEA State which provides an equivalent level of protection and performance; or (d) it conforms to a specification approved by the regulator. This speaks for itself in that: Press To prove conformance, only used approved products. It is necessary to prove conformance – only use Water Regulations approved fittings. copyright

Regulation 4 – Certification
WRAS, KIWA, NSF REG 4 February 2012 1.6. Product Certification Individual products or materials need to bear a Kite Mark, CE Mark or EEA standard or can be covered by KIWA or WRAS respectively. The WRAS approval is granted to a product to guarantee that it will not contaminate the water supply when installed, and in the case of some mechanical products will have passed an endurance test. The WRAS Technical Committee has accepted that WRAS Approval can be granted for products tested by Kiwa Ltd and NSF International. WRAS do not test products themselves. The WRAS Product and Approval Group (PAG) Group on receipt of the test results from the individual test houses will grant the approval of the product within 10 days. copyright

WRAS Approved Product v WRAS Approved Components
February 2012 A WRAS approved product has passed a set of stringent tests that ensures that it is suitable to convey potable water and suitable for the job that it is intended to do. For example fluid category 5 backflow protection. A product that is made of WRAS approved components is suitable to convey potable water, It may have an air gap, but this could be incorrectly sized and as a backflow prevention device not sufficient. WRAS Approved Components WRAS Approved Product This speaks for itself in that: Press To prove conformance, only used approved products. copyright

Heating Systems Filling Loops (Temporary)
February 2012 Relevant G Clause – G24.2 WRAS Interpretation Filling Loops – Decision Date: May 2005, Regulation/Bylaw Clause Ref: G15.3, G24.2 – Ref no. B Filling and topping up of heating systems G15.3 & G24.2 Revised March2014 Filling Loops (Temporary) Can be used on a new system for a rapid fill as long as the section of pipe contains no fluids or the section of pipe contains a heat transfer fluid that contains no chemicals or is a fluid of no grater risk than category 3 Categorisation of Non Domestic heating systems Is fluid category 4, however the water suppliers now adopt a risk based approach associated with primary heating systems and if accessed to be lower than fluid category 4 will accept alternative approaches. Filling Valve - CA device with PRV, strainer and servicing valves Model – CA297PRV: Suitable for permanent connection to a Fluid Category 3 Heating System copyright

Pressurised Heating Systems MFD Pressurisation Unit.
February 2012 Automated pressurisation units will keep an unvented system correctly topped up to a designated safe pressure that is correct for the boiler(s) and fittings in the system. In order that an unvented system remains stable, we need to consider expansion vessels, air and dirt removers, the facility for adding chemical additives, and a mechanical device protecting the system against excessive temperature and pressure. Continued topping up of a system will lead to reduction of inhibiter % and lead to premature failure of key components Autofill is a Fluid Category 4 device for filling and pressurising Dose & Fill Model DF MFD Pressurisation Unit. copyright

Regulation 5 Notification February 2012 5. - (1) Subject to paragraph (2), any person who proposes to install a water fitting in connection with any of the following applications – The erection of a building or other structure, the extension or alteration of a water system on any premises other than a house or the material changes of use of any premises. (a) shall give notice to the water undertaker that he proposes to begin work; (b) shall not begin that work without the consent of that undertaker which shall not be withheld unreasonably; and (c) shall comply with any conditions to which the undertaker's consent is subject. “Unreasonably” means 10 working days from receipt of application Regulation 5 explains the process involved in notifying your water board about the installation of a new system, or a modification to an existing system. Press Unreasonably Offers Water Companies are permitted to make “reasonable” terms and conditions copyright

Saving Water, Saving Energy
Water Conservation Saving Water, Saving Energy February 2012 Automatic Flow Limiting Valve Relevant G Clauses – G11.1, G11.2, G11.3 Relevant R Clause – R25.6 Combined Servicing Valve and Automatic Flow Limiting cartridge. Constant flow between 1 – 10 bar. Automatic Flow Limiting Cartridges 0.07 – 0.43 Lt/s Model AFL 8 Colour-coded cartridges available - with matching colour on disc that snaps into plug Applications – Every appliance 15 or 22 mm We should consider devices to prevent undue consumption of water, typically in situations where outlets can be left on, and we don’t keep the water for use, such as a hand washing basin or a shower. Flow limiting devices not only save the end user on their water bill, they also help reduce the heat input for hot water applications and help to balance the flow throughout the building. Model AFLJG Push-Fit connections assist with speed of installation Cartridges can be changed though side port with pliers Assists with Part G Building Regulations 17K copyright

Outside Taps (Standpipes)
February 2012 The WRAS Interpretation (B08) States: The categorisation of non-domestic hose union taps as a fitting that requires fluid 5 protection is a recognition that in some non-domestic situations the fluids at risk of being present will be a more serious health hazard. Water suppliers do however adopt a risk based approach to their enforcement of the Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations/Byelaws and where a risk assessment indicates that the risks associated with an individual hose union tap are less than fluid category 5 they will accept alternative approaches. Standpipe - Model SPED ED Double Check Valve are required for Hose Union Taps used for “domestic purposes” For other applications, risk asses accordingly Applications – Model SPHUD Above ground garden watering +150mm (3) Offices,(3) Schools, Recreation Grounds (3) Bin Stores (5) Washdown (5) copyright

Outside Taps and Security
February 2012 An outside tap left on overnight could waste £60 worth of water Secure hose union taps will prevent waste, misuse and undue consumption. Frost protection is key and should also feature in the design of outside taps. Model HUTB Model HUTG Model - HUC Hose pipes, and attachments should be fitted with self closing mechanisms to prevent waste, when not in use. Flush Hose Union Tap – vandal resistant, frost proof copyright

Temperature Control February 2012 We need to insure that hot water is delivered at a safe temperature especially to vulnerable end users. Unfortunately due to bacterial growth we need to store water at 65°C or above. Most people can only tolerate water at 37° - 43° C This changes with young and elderly people Danger hot water signs DO NOT prevent people from getting scalded or burnt! Model - TMV Kit 6 TMV’s protect people from the dangers of hot water by blending hot and cold water to a safe level. TMV’s fail to cold should a problem occur. Model – TMV5213 copyright

Regulations February 2012 6 Contractors Certificate 7 Penalty for contravening Regulations 8 Modification of section 73 of the Act 9 Inspections, measurements and tests 10 Enforcement 11 Relaxation of requirements 12 Approval by the regulator or the water undertaker 13 Disputes 14 Revocation of the Byelaws The contractor will sign a certificate to say the fittings or alterations comply with the regulations, in the case of a fitting for which notice under regulation 5 is required, the contractor will send a copy of the certificate to the water undertaker. Essentially work carried out, where work does not comply or notification has not been given, the blame can be passed on to the contractor rather than the owner should the contractor be approved. Before regulation 7 could be implemented section 73 of the Water Industry Act had to be modified and takes into account approved contractors and certification requirements. Any person designated in writing, may carry out inspections take samples on a premises entered by that person. The water undertaker will enforce the requirements of the regulations The water undertaker can apply to the regulator for relaxation of the requirements of any part of schedule 2 should they feel that they are inappropriate. The approval of a method of installation would be as a result of consultation with the regulator, water undertaker, trade associates or any organization concerned with the interests of water users. Any disputes between the water undertaker and person who has installed the fitting (allegedly contravening the regulations) should be referred to arbitration agreed between the parties. The Revocation of the byelaws, simply means that the old byelaws are superseded by the new regulations. copyright

How We Work February 2012 Our products are designed to aid in all aspects, from consultant to installer to the end user. We listen to the needs of our customers and design products accordingly. Our understanding of the water regulations insures that the products that we manufacture, comply with the 5 key points from regulation 3. New Pent-A-Boost, featuring a vertical flow through vessel to prevent stagnation and an automatic by-pass valve to provide basic sanitation in the event of power failure. Cat 5 Standpipe, giving category 5 protection should mains electricity not be available. copyright

Resources – Specification Clauses
February 2012 Available at - Simply copy & paste into any project specification copyright

Resources – Specification Clauses
BIM Drawings IFC Files February 2012 Available from - Simply copy & paste into any project specification, REVIT, SAT, IFC copyright

Summary The salient points of this presentation are –
February 2012 The salient points of this presentation are – The Water Regulations Guide is the single most useful source of information, In addition the resource’s notes on the WRAS web page has useful updates. The local water company has the authority to enforce, inspect and risk assess. “Point of use” backflow protection is required in addition to whole site. Communal bin washing – where a hose can be submerged – is Fluid Category 5 Outside watering points are subject to local risk assessments. The Fluid Category is dependant on the risk – not the fluid per sé Non House heating systems above are Fluid Category 4 but subject to individual assessment based on the risk. It is an offence to waste water – even if metered Water fittings must be approved – e.g. KIWA, WRAS, BSI, NSF REG 4. copyright

Thank You The End To view datasheets www.arrowvalves.co.uk
February 2012 Given that the Water Regulations aren't as well policed as the Gas and Electric utilities, and that resources that the water boards have are limited, It’s down to well educated people like ourselves to insure that the public water supply Is kept safe by the installation of the correct, approved backflow prevention devices. Thank You To view datasheets Tel Fax copyright

Primarily Focusing on Backflow Prevention

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