1. Community-based Disaster Risk Management1 1111 Planning and Implementing a Disaster Management Program at Community-level Session 3 World Bank Institute Krishna S. Vatsa

2. Community-based Disaster Risk Management2 2 Initiating the Process Develop an understanding of the disaster risk in the local context Build linkages and rapport with the community Develop a nucleus of the program through the community or outsiders Define the projects objectives and outcomes Seek community leaders to support the project Build an inter-disciplinary group of experts to help with the implementation

3. Community-based Disaster Risk Management3 3 Participatory Risk Assessment Commence a systematic exercise in community risk assessment Seek general and particular information from the perspective of the community Undertake a sequence of assessments: hazards, vulnerabilities, resources / capabilities, and peoples perception of risks Use participatory and interactive tools for community risk assessment

4. Community-based Disaster Risk Management4 4 Tools for Participatory Community Risk Assessment Review of Secondary data: maps, reports, newspapers clippings, etc. Direct Observation: Systematic observation of people and relationships, objects, events, processes Semi-structured interviews Role Play and Simulation Diagramming and Visualization Tools

5. Community-based Disaster Risk Management5 5 Analyzing Hazard List all probable hazards Describe hazards (its nature, frequency, probable impact) which are most likely to impact the community Use community resources for collecting data about hazards from various sources: historical evidence, empirical research or community perception Develop a scoring system for hazards at local level Based on above information, a number of tools available for hazard assessment at community level: hazard matrix, hazard map, seasonal calendar, historical profile or time line

6. Community-based Disaster Risk Management6 6 Assessing Vulnerability Discuss physical (civic infrastructure and critical facilities) and social and economic vulnerability (population, livelihood, income and consumption) of a community Identify vulnerable groups in a community and discuss the nature and implications of their vulnerability in the local context Analyze endemic conditions which produce vulnerability: landlessness, gender inequality, racial discrimination, etc.

7. Community-based Disaster Risk Management7 7 Assessing Communitys Capability / Resources Individuals: Contribution of skills, time, material, labor, cash for risk management Organizations: Community groups, their resources, existing or planned activities Informal social networks and communication: The process of learning, sharing, and dissemination of knowledge and resources Communitys attitudes and needs: how the community perceives hazards and plans response Physical characteristics / resources of community: its density of population, its land and natural resources, transportation system, etc.

8. Community-based Disaster Risk Management8 8 Community Networking Networking with Local Institutions: Support from NGOs, businesses, schools, health centers, etc. Networking with Local and National Governments: Resources through legislation, policy and programs International Organizations: Support for community projects and innovations, Sharing of information, and Technical guidance

9. Community-based Disaster Risk Management9 9 Early Warning System for Communities Need to consider how communities perceive their risks and respond to them Need to consider different forms or channels through which early warning could be delivered: radio, television, community meetings, notices, leaflets, and other indigenous channels Need to be specific about the danger, about who is being warned, and the course of action. Need to develop different levels of alert and warning, and the likely hazard impact Need to be understood by a community: simplicity of language and directness of message critical Educate community people in early warning system: onset of hazard, different levels of alert, and response

10. Community-based Disaster Risk Management10 Community-based Disaster Risk Management10 Community Response Plan Write a Community Response Plan, and outline its scope and coverage. Community response plan will be guided by bigger response plans Prepare a flow chart that outlines immediate actions to be taken following a disaster: S & R, evacuation, transit and temporary shelter, relief Hazard-specific Response Checklist: Protective actions, hazard-specific response needs Define role and responsibilities of community leaders, volunteers, and professional groups Develop an inventory of resources at community level: schools, hospitals, fire brigade, etc.

11. Community-based Disaster Risk Management11 Community-based Disaster Risk Management11 Community-level Mitigation Programs Flood protection measures / structures Community-based water management programs for drought Community shelters for floods and hurricanes Group-based insurance programs for earthquake or floods Access to financial and professional resources for mitigation investment Institutional and program support critical to implementation of these measures

12. Community-based Disaster Risk Management12 Community-based Disaster Risk Management12 Disaster Mitigation: Its Socio-economic Aspects Connect with socio-economic development of community Maintain a focus on peoples livelihood: resilience and capacity flow from livelihood Integrate gender concerns in all the disaster preparedness and mitigation program: womens rights, health empowerment Show the concern for vulnerable groups: elderly people, children, people with physical and mental disabilities

13. Community-based Disaster Risk Management13 Community-based Disaster Risk Management13 Institutional Support Form a community disaster response organization Build capability in preparedness and response through education and training Establish its linkage with disaster teams and organizations at higher levels Provide resources for making it functional: community organizations must be sustainable

14. Community-based Disaster Risk Management14 Community-based Disaster Risk Management14 Community Education in Disaster Management Bring different agencies together for disaster education: NGOs, educational institutions, hospitals Raise community awareness about disasters and impacts Review local hazards and discuss preparedness measures Ascertain the most feasible mitigation measure: it should be uncomplicated and affordable Introduce formal education in disaster management at the school and college level

15. Community-based Disaster Risk Management15 Community-based Disaster Risk Management15 Approach to Disaster Education Do not overload community with information. Give fewer messages to the people in clear and concise terms Use language that most people understand, not disaster management jargons Avoid offering different options. People get confused. Provide no-cost or cheapest options Repeat messages, using simple, easy-to-do messages, often Appeal to family well-being is successful Avoid using disaster damage images

16. Community-based Disaster Risk Management16 Community-based Disaster Risk Management16 Raising Public Awareness Community Meetings, Public Speeches, Debates in Local councils, Discussion Groups Wall sheets, posters, newsletters Plans, manuals, handbooks, brochures, leaflets, books Transparencies, slide presentations, film, photos for exhibit Press releases, national or local newspapers, radio and television broadcasts Internet and e-mail messages