1. Characteristics of Plants
Plants perform the following functions to stay alive:
produce food (glucose) and oxygen using photosynthesis
exchange gases (CO2 and O2) with their surroundings
transport water and nutrients throughout their bodies
grow
reproduce

2. The Phylogeny of Plants
3 major groups of vascular plants: the lycophytes and pteridophytes (club mosses; ferns and their relatives), the gymnosperms (conifers), and the angiosperms (flowering plants)
these groups of vascular plants can be distinguished by key evolved traits

3. The Phylogeny of Plants Cont’d…
angiosperms contain cotyledons, which are structures that supply nutrients to the plant embryo
plants with 1 cotyledon are classified as monocots
plants with 2 cotyledons are classified as Amborellales, Nymphaeales, other early angiosperms, or eudicots

4. The Vascular Plant Body: Roots and Shoots
most vascular plants have an underground root system and an above-ground shoot system

5. The Vascular Plant Body: Roots and Shoots Cont’d…
vascular plants have three main non-reproductive organs: the leaf, the stem, and the root
composed of three tissue types: dermal tissue, vascular tissue, and ground tissue

6. The Vascular Plant Body: Roots and Shoots Cont’d…

7. The Vascular Plant Body: Roots and Shoots Cont’d…
specialized cells that make up plant tissues come from unspecialized cells during cellular differentiation
meristematic cells: unspecialized plant cells that can actively divide and differentiate to form specialized cells (located at the tip of roots and shoots )
lateral meristems cause plants to grow wider and apical meristems cause plants to grow taller

8. Homework
Answer 12.1 questions #6-8 on page 545