1. Chapter 5
Growth & Division

2. The time period after the war of 1812 saw the nation full of nationalist pride in itself and was often referred to as the “Era of Good Feeling”.
During Madison’s last two years in office, the government went about a program to bind the nation together.
They created a new national bank, protected American industry from foreign competition and built canals and roads to link the country together.
Growth & Division

3. The Democratic-Republican held congress who had done away with the National bank saw how disastrous it was without it and created the second national bank to preform the same task and issue a national currency.
Protecting American manufacturing was another part of the American Agenda. The Tariff of was a protective tariff that nurtured American manufacturing by taxing imports to make them cost more.
Southern farmers opposed it because it protected Northerners but cost the South more for its goods.
Growth & Division

4. The Republicans wanted to improve the nation’s transportation system but Madison argued that spending money to improve transportation was not expressly granted in the Constitution. Private businesses and states funded it instead.
Growth & Division

5. The legal system was also changing to make the federal government stronger.
Between the Supreme Court ruled on several cases that shaped the American government and gave domination of the federal goverment over the state government.
In the case of Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court ruling ensured that the federal laws would take precedence over the state laws in interstate transportation.
Growth & Division

6. Nationalistic diplomacy was the agenda after the War of 1812 with America under James Monroe trying to expand its borders.
Florida was a source of frustration and anger for America, particularly in the South. Slaves escaped into Spanish held Florida as did the Creek Indians who united with other Indians and took on the name “Seminoles” which means “runaways”.
The Spanish did not patrol its border and the Seminoles raided out of Florida. The American govt. sent in Andrew Jackson who destroyed Seminole villages, attacked Spanish settlement and removed the Spanish governor from Florida.
Growth & Division

7. Nationalistic diplomacy
The Spanish wanted Jackson punished but the new President John Quincy Adams used the incident to pressure the Spanish who having their own troubles in South America ceded Florida to America in the Adams-Onis Treaty.
The Monroe Doctrine was issued because of European countries were trying to work their way into South America after Spain was mostly expelled by the Latin American countries once under its dominance. President Monroe wanting no Europeans that close to American soil issued the Doctrine as a warning for these counties to stay out or face the consequences.
Growth & Division

8. A Transportation Revolution was set to occur in America.
The Erie Canal was a 40 ft. wide, 4 ft. deep canal that was built to connect Albany to Buffalo. It was 363 miles long and would allow large amounts of goods to travel on flat barges between the cities along the canal. ( )
The National Road was an east west highway between Cumberland, MD and Wheeling, VA for travel by wagon
Growth & Division

9. Transportation Revolution
Travel by water was more efficient and cheaper way to move goods. Barges which could carry large loads were limited by an inability to easily travel upstream. Barges gave way to a more efficient design when Robert Fulton invented the steamboat in 1807 which could travel in both directions under its own power.
The Railroad was also developed in the early 1800’s and more than any other form of transportation was responsible for the settlement of the west and the expansion of trade.
Growth & Division

10. Along with dramatic changes in transportation came a revolution in business and industry.
Manufacturing shifted from hand tools to large machines, specialized task replaced artisans and factories replaced home industries.
The free enterprise system gave rise to industrialization and
the ability to raise money through selling stock in companies
To encourage the buying of stocks, the incorporation laws freed investors in a company from any debts that company might incur if they went bankrupt. This spurred the buying of stocks which financed many new companies.
Growth & Division

11. Technological innovations and inventions spurred the nations growth and the industrial revolution.
Inventors such as New Englander, Eli Whitney, invented not only the cotton gin (separated the seeds from cotton), but the concept of interchangeable parts which changed the building of goods from a one-by-one process to a factory process.
The Cotton gin greatly strengthened the institution of slavery in the South because picking out the seeds was no longer a bottleneck to production and more slaves were needed.
Communications improved as well with the invention of the telegraph by Samuel Morse which made communication over large distances almost immediate.
Growth & Division

12. With the Industrial Revolution spurring growth there was a rise in Large Cities.
People left their farms and villages and came from overseas to work in places like New York City were jobs were plentiful. It became the nation’s largest city by the 1820s.
The Erie canal, new roads and railroads gave people from afar the ability to sell and buy from New York City.
New York City’s importance led to it becoming a financial center for U.S. business as well as the central location for the stock exchange.
Growth & Division

13. Growth & Division Life in the South did not mirror that in the North.
While the cotton gin expanded production of cotton it also strengthened the need for slavery in larger numbers.
The south was primarily farming and industry while it existed was limited.
Life was very tough and often brutal so slave revolt did happen.
The first major slave uprising (1800) was organized by Gabriel Prosser but failed and ended with Prosser’s death along with 34 of his fellow conspirators.
Growth & Division

14. The growth of the nation included the question of the spread of slavery. This would erode the new found nationalism the country recently enjoyed over the slavery question.
In 1819 there was a balance of states who allowed or forbade slavery (11-11). When Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state the balance would be upset and the power would reside with the Southern states who allowed slavery.
The solution was hotly debated and in the end they agreed to admit Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state and allow no more slave states above Missouri’s southern borders. Arkansas was ok to become a slave state but none of the rest of the Louisiana territory.. This was known as the Missouri Compromise and would set into motion events which would lead to the splitting of the nation over the issue of slavery.
Growth & Division

15. In the elections of 1824 Henry Clay was running for President against Andrew Jackson and several others when he lost out early he put his support behind John Quincy Adams who won and then named him secretary of State.
Jackson accused Adams and Clay of being corrupt after he lost the election.
The supporters of Jackson became known as Democrats and the supporters of Henry Clay became known as National Republicans.
Growth & Division