1. Chapter 2 – Measurements and Calculations
Section 1 – The Scientific Method

2. The scientific method is a logical approach to solving problems by observing and collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and formulating theories that are supported by data.

3. Observations
Quantitative vs Qualitative

4. System
A specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment or observation.

5. Hypotheses
Scientists examine observations and data in order to find relationships and patterns
Make generalizations about the behavior they have observed
The generalizations are used to form a hypothesis or testable statement
The hypothesis is a basis for making predictions and carrying out further experiments

6. Testing hypotheses
Design an appropriate experiment or set of experiments to test the hypothesis.
Control group
Careful and accurate observations of data
Is hypothesis confirmed or disproved?

7. If an experiment successfully confirms your hypothesis, does that mean that the hypothesis must be true?

8. Theories
The purpose of a theory is to explain phenomena or predict behavior
Broad generalization
Theories can be disproven but cannot be proven

9. Models
A model is not just a physical object, it can be visual, verbal or mathematical
An explanation of how phenomena occur and how data and events are related
In terms of something we’re familiar with
Ex. Atomic model

10. Difference between a model and a theory
Model – relatively simple, give a picture of a phenomena
Theory – broader, more detailed explanation of behavior

11. So what’s a Law?
Concise but general statements about how nature behaves
Ex. Law of conservation of mass
To be a law, must be found experimentally valid over a wide range of observed phenomena
Scientific laws are descriptive