1. Chemistry and Nanomaterials
Carl C. Wamser
Portland State University
Nanomaterials Course - June 27, 2006

2. Nanoscale = billionths (10-9)
6 billion people 8000 mile diameter
10 billion components 8 inch diameter

3. Effects of Nanoscale Structural differences: Nanoscale Carbon
Bulk Carbon
C60 (Buckeyball)
Smalley, Curl, Kroto
1996 Nobel Prize
Graphite
Diamond
Carbon Nanotubes
Sumio Iijima

4. Instrumentation / Imaging
“Quantum Corral”
48 Fe atoms positioned by the STM used to image them

5. Dimensional Issues

6. Chemistry Issues Structure / Dynamics / Synthesis
Structure-Function Correlations
Self-Assembled Systems
Applications:
Materials
Biological
Environmental

7. Organic LEDs
Structure-Function Correlations (emission wavelengths)

8. Fluorescence of cadmium selenide nanoparticles
Quantum Effects
Band gap depends on particle size (number of atoms in the particle)
4 nm
2 nm
Fluorescence of cadmium selenide nanoparticles

9. Chemical Bonding Forces used to assemble structure: Ionic Metallic
Covalent
H-bonding
Metal-ligand
Van der Waals
π-π stacking

10. Ionic Bonding Molecular beaker epitaxy
Layer-by-layer growth of polyelectrolytes
Tom Mallouk Penn State U

11. Ionic / Electrostatic Effects
A molecular elevator
Responsive to acid/base
J. D. Badjic, et al., Accts. Chem. Res., in press.
J.F. Stoddart, UCLA

12. Ionic / Electrostatic Effects
Conformational Molecular Rectifiers, A. Troisi and M. A. Ratner, Nano Lett., 4(4), (2004).

13. Metallic Bonding Gold Statue Gold nanoparticles
Nanoscale gold has different properties than bulk gold, including: appearance, solubility, and melting point.
Gold Statue
Gold nanoparticles
thiol stabilized gold nanoparticle
melting point: °K
Jim Hutchison, U. Oregon
gold nanoparticles (2 nm) in solution
melting point: 650 °K

14. Covalent Bonding - Carbon
Single-walled
carbon nanotubes:
armchair - metallic
zigzag - semiconducting
chiral - semiconducting
multi-walled - metallic

15. Covalent Bonding - Carbon
Carbon nanotubes coated with diamond nanocrystals
M. L. Terranova, et al., Chem. Mater., 17(12) pp

16. Hydrogen Bonding DNA Double Helix
graphics/dna-3d.jpg

17. π-π Stacking - Liquid Crystals

18. Charge-Trapping Memory Device
Liu, C-Y.; Bard, A.J.; Acc. Chem. Res. (1999), 32,

19. Self-Assembled Monolayer
10 nm
Monolayer of DDB on graphite
(didodecylbenzene)

20. Van der Waals Interactions
SAMMS Self-Assembled Monolayers on Mesoporous Supports
Glen Fryxell, PNNL

22. Polyporphyrin Interfacial Film (thin)

23. Polyporphyrin Interfacial Film (thick)

24. Photosynthetic Reaction Center
( 1988 Nobel Prize )

25. Resources Nanochemistry references and websites:
Handbook of Nanotechnology, B. Bhushan, ed. (2004)
Molecular Nanotechnology, D. E. Newton, ed. (2002)
Integrated Chemical Systems, A. J. Bard (1994)
Engines of Creation, K. Eric Drexler (1986) ( )
“There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom”, Richard Feynman (1959)
( )
National Nanotechnology Initiative ( )
Nano Letters - ACS Journal ( )
Materials Today - British journal ( )