1. Elements and Compounds

2. Elements Can not be broken down by chemical means Chemical alphabet
Building blocks
First 92, 88 occur in nature
w/ exception of plutonium, above 92, they are synthesized

3. Atom
Smallest unit of an element that retains the characteristics of that element
Smallest unit of an element that can enter into a chemical reaction
Contain sub-particles

4. Distribution of Elements

5. Rules for Element Symbols
Symbols have one or two letters
If one letter, capitalize it
If two, only capitalize the first

6. Periodic Table Increasing atomic number Left to right Mendeleev
Similar chemical properties in families

7. Metals and Nonmetals Metals Nonmetals Not lustrous Poor conductors
Solid at room temp (except Hg)
Lustrous
Good conductors
Malleable
Ductile
High melting point
High density
Don’t commonly combine with other metals but when they do, they form alloys
Commonly combine with nonmetals to form minerals, chlorides, oxides and sulfides
Not lustrous
Poor conductors
Low melting points
Low densities
Can be solid liquid or gas
Form molecular compounds when combined with each other

8. Metalloids
Boron, silicon, geranium, arsenic antimony, tellurium and polonium
Properties of both metals and nonmetals

9. Diatomics H2 N2 O2 F2
Cl2
Br2 I2

10. Compound Substance containing two or more elements Can be broken down
Atoms of the elements in a compound are combined in whole number ratios
Molecular and ionic compounds

11. Compounds Molecular Ionic
Smallest uncharged individual unit of a compound formed by the union of two or more atoms
water
Positively or negatively charged group of atoms or atom
Held together by the attractive forces between ions or groups of ions
Ions are negatively (anion) or positively (cation) charged
Sodium chloride

12. Chemical Formulas Abbreviations
Shows symbols and abbreviations of atoms of elements in compound
Subscripts are used to indicate numbers of atoms of elements present in compound
Subscripts are the small numbers partially below H2O
2 hydrogen atoms, 1 oxygen atom