1. Elements and Compounds
Chapter 11 Notes Part 2
Elements and Compounds

2. Elements and the Periodic Table
Recall that an atom is the tiniest particle that makes up matter.
All matter is made of atoms
Elements and the Periodic Table

3. Elements and the Periodic Table
An atom is composed of 3 main particles
Protons: Positively charged particles
Electrons: Negatively charged particles
Neutrons: Neutral (no charge) particles
Elements and the Periodic Table

4. Elements and the Periodic Table
Protons and Neutrons together make up the nucleus-the center, of the atom.
Elements and the Periodic Table

5. Elements and the Periodic Table
Matter’s simplest form is the element.
Elements are the building blocks of all matter.
An element is a particle of matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Elements and the Periodic Table

6. Elements and the Periodic Table
For example, NaCl is table salt.
You can break down NaCl into Na (Sodium) and Cl (Chlorine)
However, you cannot break down Sodium or Chlorine into simpler substances.
Sodium and Chlorine are elements.
Elements and the Periodic Table

7. Elements and the Periodic Table
How many atoms are bound together in an element is shown by an elemental formula.
Elements and the Periodic Table

8. Organization of the Periodic Table
Some elements can exist as single atoms.
For these elements, their formula is the same as their chemical symbol.
Examples; Gold (Au), Lithium (Li)
Organization of the Periodic Table

9. Organization of the Periodic Table
Other elements exist in basic units of two or three atoms.
In these elements, their formula is their chemical symbol followed by a subscript indicating the number of atoms.
Examples: Oxygen (O2), Nitrogen (N2)
Organization of the Periodic Table

10. Elements and the Periodic Table
There are currently 118 identified elements, 89 of which occur naturally on Earth.
Elements and the Periodic Table

11. Elements and the Periodic Table
The periodic table is a chart of all known elements arranged in a systematic fashion, represented by their chemical symbols.
It arranges elements with similar chemical properties in the same vertical or horizontal rows.
Elements and the Periodic Table

12. Elements and the Periodic Table

13. Elements and the Periodic Table
Vertical rows of elements in the periodic table are called groups or families.
Horizontal rows are called periods or series.
Elements and the Periodic Table

14. Elements and the Periodic Table
GROUP/FAMILY
SERIES/PERIOD
Elements and the Periodic Table

15. Elements and the Periodic Table
The periodic table also includes the atomic masses and atomic numbers for each element.
Elements and the Periodic Table

16. Elements and the Periodic Table
Atomic mass is exactly what it sounds like-the total mass of an atom of that element.
Elements and the Periodic Table

17. Elements and the Periodic Table
The masses of elements are given in amu-atomic mass units.
1 amu= x grams g
Elements and the Periodic Table

18. Elements and the Periodic Table

19. Elements and the Periodic Table
Atomic number is the number of protons in an atom of that element.
Elements and the Periodic Table

20. Elements and the Periodic Table
The periodic table is listed in order of increasing atomic number.
We will often identify elements by their atomic number.
Elements and the Periodic Table

21. Elements and the Periodic Table

22. Elements and the Periodic Table
The way the periodic table is arranged also tells us a lot about the structure and behavior of different elements.
Elements and the Periodic Table

23. Elements and the Periodic Table
There are many trends as you move across periods/series or down groups/families.
Elements and the Periodic Table

24. Elements and the Periodic Table

25. Elements and the Periodic Table
There are 3 basic groups that make up the periodic table: metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
Elements and the Periodic Table

26. Elements and the Periodic Table
Metals are shiny, opaque, and good conductors of both electricity and heat.
Elements and the Periodic Table

27. Elements and the Periodic Table
Metals are malleable-they can be hammered into different shapes or bent without breaking.
Elements and the Periodic Table

28. Elements and the Periodic Table
Metals are also ductile- they can be drawn out into wires.
Elements and the Periodic Table

29. Elements and the Periodic Table
Metals are generally solid at room temperature.
Exceptions: Mercury (Hg), Gallium (Ga), Cesium (Cs), and Francium (Fr)
Elements and the Periodic Table

30. Elements and the Periodic Table

31. Elements and the Periodic Table
Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity, and are often transparent.
Nonmetals are brittle, and shatter when hammered.
Elements and the Periodic Table

32. Elements and the Periodic Table

33. Elements and the Periodic Table
Metalloids are a small group of elements that have both metallic and nonmetallic properties.
The metalloids are: Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Arsenic (As), Tin (Sn), and Antimony (Sb), and Astatine (At)
Elements and the Periodic Table

34. Elements and the Periodic Table
Metalloids conduct electricity and heat, but weakly.
Elements and the Periodic Table

35. Elements and the Periodic Table

36. Elements to Compounds H2O NaCl NaOH HCl
When atoms of different elements bond to one another, they make a compound.
H2O
NaOH
NaCl
HCl
Elements to Compounds

37. There are over 16 million known compounds!
Elements to Compounds

38. A compound is represented by its chemical formula.
The numbers in the formula represent the ratio of atoms that exist in that compound.
Elements to Compounds

39. For example, in water (H2O), there are 2 Hydrogen (H) atoms for every 1 Oxygen (O) atom.
Elements to Compounds

40. Compounds have properties that are different from their elemental components.
Example: NaCl has very different properties from Na and Cl.
Elements to Compounds

41. There are some basic rules to naming compounds that you will need to know.

42. 1. The name of the element farther to the left comes first
1. The name of the element farther to the left comes first. The name of the element farther to the right comes second, followed by –ide.
Example: Hydrogen and Chlorine.
Hydrogen is further to the left, so it comes first. Chlorine is further to the right, so it comes second, followed by –ide.
Name: Hydrogen Chloride
Naming Compounds

43. 2. When two or more compounds have different numbers of the same elements, we use prefixes to clarify which one we mean.
Example: Carbon and Oxygen
CO = Carbon monoxide (mon=one)
CO2 = Carbon dioxide (di=two)
Naming Compounds

44. 3. Many compounds are referred to by their “common” name rather than their chemical name.
Examples: Water (H2O), Ammonia (NH3)
Naming Compounds

45. 1. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances is a(n)
Compound
Mixture
Element
Atom
Review

46. Review 2. Which of the following would cause a CHEMICAL change? Moving
Shattering
Burning
Melting
Review

47. Review 3. Which of the following is a physical change? Dissolving
Evaporating
Bending
All of the above
Review

48. 4. Which of the following is NOT an example of a physical property?
Freezing point
Reactivity
Boiling point
Density
Review