1. Psychology 101 Introduction to Psychology Dr. Jacob Leonesio
7/22/2019
Psychology 101
Introduction to Psychology
Dr. Jacob Leonesio
Introduce yourself as a cognitive psychologist that specializes in metacognition.and in neuroscience. I am interested n issues that relate to consciousness and the relationship between awareness and control.
Introduce Judy McGlophlin as a Ph.D. Candidate in cognitive psychology specializing in cognitive neuroscience. Say a few words about what you study. (specifically she studies certain kinds of brainwaves). She does research on language and bilingualizm specifically.
Introduce Mark Ross is an advanced undergraduate student who is acting as an undergraduate teaching assistant.
Hand out the Syllabus.
I expect everyone to use myself, and your two TA’s to help you understand the material covered in your two books.
Go over the sylllabus -- pleas read it -- go over question writing.
Before explaining more ask -- What is mind?
Call on individuals and have Judy or mark write on board.
Organize in terms of Information (Structure and Process)

2. What is psychology the study of?

3. Some Types of Psychologists
Research Psychologists (academic )
Biological (neuroscientists)
Cognitive Psychologists
Social Psychologists
Personality Psychologists
Educational Psychologists
Some Clinical Psychologists

4. Some Types of Psychologists
Applied Psychologists
Clinical Psychologists
School Psychologists
Industrial/Organizatonal and Human Factors Psychologists

5. Academic Degrees
M.S.W
M.A
Ph.D.
Ed.D.
M.D.

6. Cognitive (internal mental processes are studied)
Some Perspectives on the Causes of Human Experience and Behavior:
Biological
Neuroscience (brain, genes, behavior)
Cognitive (internal mental processes are studied)
Behavioral (study of observable responses to observable stimuli)
Classical and operant conditioning

7. Some Perspectives on the Causes of Human Experience and Behavior:
Social-Cultural Perspective
Social Psychology
Cross Cultural Research
Psychodynamic (unconscious motives, conflicts, defenses)
Case Study
Early Childhood experience
Humanistic Perspective
Experiential Research
Clinical Techniques

8. How is Knowledge Obtained?

9. Classic Ways of Knowing
Tenacity (not a ‘method’)
Authority (not a ‘method’)
Intuition
Reason (deduction and induction)
Empiricism

10. The Scientific Method Rational empiricism
A dynamic method that combines systematic empiricism with rational inference.

11. Not all questions can be answered scientifically.
Academic psychology only addresses those questions that can be answered scientifically.
Academic Psychology is only about 100 years old (1879 to the present).

12. Case Study Single participant Historical/qualitative analysis
Useful for generating hypotheses to be tested with further studies and experiments.

13. Correlational Study Many participants Operational definitions
Descriptive statistics, quantitative data (means, medians, correlation coefficients)
Inferential statistics, the probability that the result of at least this size is due to chance is calculated (p<.05, p<.01)
Can determine a significant relationship, but NOT whether one variable CAUSES changes in another variable

14. Operational Definition
A variable is defined by the precise series of steps the describe how a variable is measured.
This series of steps must result in a NUMBER.

15. v Significance A finding is significant if it can be
shown that it is not due to chance.
(Significant does not mean important)

16. Significance is always expressed as a probability.
p < .05 means that the likelyhood
that the experimental finding
is due to chance is only
5 out of 100.

17. Experiment Many participants Operational definitions
The independent variable is MANIPULATED and alternative hypothesis are eliminated (often by using RANDOM ASSIGNMENT to conditions)
Descriptive statistics
Inferential statistics
CAN DETERMINE if one variable CAUSES changes in another variable

18. Measures of Central Tendency
Mean = 10,154,000/7 = 1,450,571.43
Median = 30,000
Mode = 12,000
10,000,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
12,000
10,000

19. If the Dependent Variable is Degree of Violence
There are a number of possible operational definitions. Here is one example:
Mean (average) volume of participants voice measured in decibels by a sound meter over a 20 min period while responding to a set of provocative questions