1. MATH 402 Methods of Instruction in the Mathematics Curriculum for the Elementary School (K–6) Dr. Alan Zollman Mathematical Sciences NIU Teaching Effectiveness Institute January 24, 2013

2. Effective Strategies Two Important Concepts

3. A mayber was raling his temp. Saintly a durf accotted some padis in his temp. Why did yind accot padis in my blem temp? the mayber quassed the durf. Arm varrly grendy, the durf trepped. Ar hished yind merpled padis in your temp. Did yind rale your temp blem?

4. Please answer the following question in complete sentences:

5. A mayber was raling his temp. Saintly a durf accotted some padis in his temp. Why did yind accot padis in my blem temp? the mayber quassed the durf. Arm varrly grendy, the durf trepped. Ar hished yind merpled padis in your temp. Did yind rale your temp blem? Please answer the following question in complete sentences: 1. 1. What did the durf accot in the maybers temp?

6. A mayber was raling his temp. Saintly a durf accotted some padis in his temp. Why did yind accot padis in my blem temp? the mayber quassed the durf. Arm varrly grendy, the durf trepped. Ar hished yind merpled padis in your temp. Did yind rale your temp blem? Please answer the following question in complete sentences: 1. 1. What did the durf accot in the maybers temp? 2. 2. What did the mayber quas the durf?

7. A mayber was raling his temp. Saintly a durf accotted some padis in his temp. Why did yind accot padis in my blem temp? the mayber quassed the durf. Arm varrly grendy, the durf trepped. Ar hished yind merpled padis in your temp. Did yind rale your temp blem? Please answer the following question in complete sentences: 1. 1. What did the durf accot in the maybers temp? 2. 2. What did the mayber quas the durf? 3. 3. Was the durf grendy?

8. A mayber was raling his temp. Saintly a durf accotted some padis in his temp. Why did yind accot padis in my blem temp? the mayber quassed the durf. Arm varrly grendy, the durf trepped. Ar hished yind merpled padis in your temp. Did yind rale your temp blem? Please answer the following question in complete sentences: 1. 1. What did the durf accot in the maybers temp? 2. 2. What did the mayber quas the durf? 3. 3. Was the durf grendy? 4. 4. Why did the mayber rale his temp?

9. A mayber was raling his temp. Saintly a durf accotted some padis in his temp. Why did yind accot padis in my blem temp? the mayber quassed the durf. Arm varrly grendy, the durf trepped. Ar hished yind merpled padis in your temp. Did yind rale your temp blem? Please answer the following question in complete sentences: 1. 1. What did the durf accot in the maybers temp? 2. 2. What did the mayber quas the durf? 3. 3. Was the durf grendy? 4. 4. Why did the mayber rale his temp? 5. 5. Is there a difference between knowing an answer and understanding a solution in mathematics? Adapted from Kenneth Goodmans The Psycholinguistic Nature of the Reading Process

10. The Difference Between Teaching and Learning

11. The Difference Between Teaching and Learning or How to Teach a Dog French

12. Effective Strategies Big Ideas Jean Piagets Reflective Abstraction

13. Effective Strategies Big Idea # 1 Jean Piagets Reflective Abstraction Generalization (Association)

14. Generalization (Association) Memorize the following 12 items in order Make sure you can read the whole screen

15. SKY

16. SKY RADIO

17. SKY RADIO GAS STATION

18. SKY RADIO GAS STATION BOX

19. SKY RADIO GAS STATION BOX CUP

20. SKY RADIO GAS STATION BOX CUP DOOR

21. SKY RADIO GAS STATION BOX CUP DOOR KNIFE

22. SKY RADIO GAS STATION BOX CUP DOOR KNIFE TOY

23. SKY RADIO GAS STATION BOX CUP DOOR KNIFE TOY ROAD

24. SKY RADIO GAS STATION BOX CUP DOOR KNIFE TOY ROAD SIGN

25. SKY RADIO GAS STATION BOX CUP DOOR KNIFE TOY ROAD SIGN TOWEL

26. SKY RADIO GAS STATION BOX CUP DOOR KNIFE TOY ROAD SIGN TOWEL RAISINS

27. wait …..

28. Without looking …

29. Without looking … whats my name?

30. OK, now write the 12 nouns in order.

31. SKY RADIO GAS STATION BOX CUP DOOR KNIFE TOY ROAD SIGN TOWEL RAISINS

32. Effective Strategies Big Idea # 2 Jean Piagets Reflective Abstraction Generalization (Association) Coordination (Assimilation)

33. How do we add: 2 tens + 3 ones

34. Coordination (Assimilation) How do we add: 2 tens + 3 ones 2 thirds + 3 fourths

35. Coordination (Assimilation) How do we add: 2 tens + 3 ones 2 thirds + 3 fourths (2x + 4y) + (3x + y)

36. Effective Strategies Big Idea # 3 Jean Piagets Reflective Abstraction Generalization (Association) Coordination (Assimilation) Encapsulation

37. Encapsulation Example 4th Grade Question How many different ways can you arrange 3 objects with 2 objects, 2 at a time?

38. Encapsulation Example 4th Grade Question A. How many different ways can you arrange 3 objects with 2 objects, 2 at a time? or B. How many ways can you make a gym outfit if you have red, blue, or white tee shirts and red or white shorts? (remember the movie Clueless?) (question from Dr. John Sleisky, Authenticity and Test Items In Large Scale Assessment SSMA Centennial Conference, Downers Grove, IL, Nov. 1, 2001)

39. 7.8 % of high school students who take ALGEBRA I get a college degree Predictors of College Success

40. 23.1% of high school students who take GEOMETRY get a college degree 7.8 % of high school students who take ALGEBRA I get a college degree

41. 39.5% of high school students who take 39.5% of high school students who take ALGEBRA II get a college degree 23.1% of high school students who take GEOMETRY get a college degree 7.8 % of high school students who take ALGEBRA I get a college degree Predictors of College Success

42. 62.2% of high school students who take TRIGONOMETRY get a college degree 39.5% of high school students who take ALGEBRA II get a college degree 23.1% of high school students who take GEOMETRY get a college degree 7.8 % of high school students who take ALGEBRA I get a college degree Predictors of College Success

43. 74.3% of high school students who take PRE CALCULUS get a college degree 62.2% of high school students who take TRIGONOMETRY get a college degree 39.5% of high school students who take ALGEBRA II get a college degree 23.1% of high school students who take GEOMETRY get a college degree 7.8 % of high school students who take ALGEBRA I get a college degree Predictors of College Success

44. Answers in the Tool Box, U.S. Department of Education by Clifford Adelman 79.8% of high school students who take CALCULUS get a college degree 74.3% of high school students who take PRE CALCULUS get a college degree 62.2% of high school students who take TRIGONOMETRY get a college degree 39.5% of high school students who take ALGEBRA II get a college degree 23.1% of high school students who take GEOMETRY get a college degree 7.8 % of high school students who take ALGEBRA I get a college degree

45. Predictors of College Success Answers in the Tool Box, a study by U.S. Department of Education researcher Clifford Adelman, examined more than 20 variables-- including high school courses, educational aspirations, race, socioeconomic status (SES), on-time versus late high school graduation, and parenthood prior to age 22--to determine what really influenced the college completion rates of over 10,000 students.

46. Of all the high school indicators of academic preparation, the one that is the strongest is taking rigorous and intense courses in high school. Predictors of College Success

47. Of all the high school indicators of academic preparation, the one that is the strongest is taking rigorous and intense courses in high school. Taking rigorous and intense high school courses has a greater impact on African-American and Latino students than on white students.

48. Predictors of College Success Of all the high school indicators of academic preparation, the one that is the strongest is taking rigorous and intense courses in high school. Taking rigorous and intense high school courses has a greater impact on African-American and Latino students than on white students. Of all the high school courses, the highest level of mathematics taken is the most important for college success. The odds that a student who enters college will complete a bachelor's degree more than doubles if that student completed a mathematics course beyond Algebra II (e.g., trigonometry or pre-calculus) while in high school.

49. Predictors of College Success Of all the high school indicators of academic preparation, the one that is the strongest is taking rigorous and intense courses in high school. Taking rigorous and intense high school courses has a greater impact on African-American and Latino students than on white students. Of all the high school courses, the highest level of mathematics taken is the most important for college success. The odds that a student who enters college will complete a bachelor's degree more than doubles if that student completed a mathematics course beyond Algebra II (e.g., trigonometry or pre-calculus) while in high school. Socioeconomic status had some impact (but it was minimal after the first year of college), and race did not have a statistically significant impact at all.

50. Closure

51. The 80% Solution Know 80% (We dont know it all)

52. The 80% Solution Know 80% (We dont know it all) Teach 80% (We cant teach all we know)

53. The 80% Solution Know 80% (We dont know it all) Teach 80% (We cant teach all we know) Learn 80% (All students dont learn all thats taught)

54. The 80% Solution Know 80% (We dont know it all) Teach 80% (We cant teach all we know) Learn 80% (All students dont learn all thats taught) Retain 80% (All material isnt retained)

55. The 80% Solution Know 80% (We dont know it all) Teach 80% (We cant teach all we know) Learn 80% (All students dont learn all thats taught) Retain 80% (All material isnt retained) Whats the result?

56. The 80% Solution Know 80% (We dont know it all) Teach 80% (We cant teach all we know) Learn 80% (All students dont learn all thats taught) Retain 80% (All material isnt retained) 80% of 80% of 80% of 80% 41%

57. The 80% Solution Know 80% (We dont know it all) Teach 80% (We cant teach all we know) Learn 80% (All students dont learn all thats taught) Retain 80% (All material isnt retained) The Result: 80% of 80% of 80% of 80% 41% Is this a passing grade?

58. The 80% Solution We dont teach the content

59. The 80% Solution We dont teach the content We do teach students

60. Thank you!

61. Dr. Alan Zollman Department of Mathematical Sciences Northern Illinois University DeKalb, IL 60115-2888 815/753-6750 zollman@math.niu.edu http://www.math.niu.edu/ ~ zollman