1. Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering
Changing the Living World (pp )
Manipulating DNA (pp )
Cell Transformation (pp )
Applications of Genetic Engineering (pp )
Created by C. Ippolito
May 2005

2. Chapter 13 Section 1 Changing the Living World
Objectives:
Describe two techniques used in selective breeding
Explain the purpose of selective breeding
Tell why breeders induce mutations
Created by C. Ippolito
May 2005

3. Selective Breeding
Allowing organisms with desired characteristics to produce the next generation.
Domestic animals
Crop plants
Luther Burbank – potato resistant to blight
Hybridization – crossing dissimilar individuals to combine the best of both
Inbreeding – continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics
Risk of developing genetic defects
Most “pure” breeds of dogs have some medical “problems”
Created by C. Ippolito
May 2005

4. Hybrid Breeds
Whoodle
Doodleman
Created by C. Ippolito
May 2005

5. Pure Breeds
Samoyed
Papillon
Created by C. Ippolito
May 2005

6. Increasing Variation
Breeders can increase genetic variations by inducing mutations
Mutagens – increase chance of spontaneous mutations
Chemicals
Radiation
Oil eating bacteria
Polyploid plants
extra sets of chromosomes
Created by C. Ippolito
May 2005

7. Chapter 13 Section 2 Manipulating DNA
Objectives:
Explain how scientists manipulate DNA
Created by C. Ippolito
May 2005

8. Genetic Engineering
Making changes in the DNA code of living organisms:
DNA extraction – remove DNA from cells
Cutting DNA – restriction enzymes look for specific bases and cut DNA into pieces
Separating DNA – gel electrophoresis separates DNA pieces by size
Smaller piece mover farther than bigger pieces
Created by C. Ippolito
May 2005

9. Restriction Enzymes
Created by C. Ippolito
May 2005

10. Gel Electrophoresis Patterns can be used to identify individuals
Created by C. Ippolito
May 2005

11. DNA Sequencing different enzymes can break DNA Identify order of bases
Now done by automated computer process
Created by C. Ippolito
May 2005

12. Polymerase Chain Reaction
PCR allow multiple copies making sequencing even easier
Created by C. Ippolito
May 2005

13. Chapter 13 Section 3 Cell Transformation
Objectives:
Summarize what happens during transformation
Explain how you can tell if a transformation experiment has been successful
Created by C. Ippolito
May 2005

14. Cell Transformation cell takes in DNA from outside the cell.
external DNA becomes part of the cell’s DNA
Created by C. Ippolito
May 2005

15. Transforming Bacteria
foreign DNA joined to a plasmid
genetic marker – allows researchers to find bacteria with foreign DNA
Created by C. Ippolito
May 2005

16. Chapter 13 Section 4 Applications of Genetic Engineering
Objectives:
Describe the usefulness of some transgenic organisms to humans
Summarize the main steps in cloning
Created by C. Ippolito
May 2005

17. Transgenic Organisms Transgenic Organism
organisms that contain genes from another organism
Transgenic Bacteria
make human insulin
make human growth hormone
Transgenic Plants
make own insecticides
immune to weed killing chemicals
Transgenic Animals
with growth hormone – grow faster
chickens resistant to bacterial infections
Created by C. Ippolito
May 2005

18. Cloning Clone genetically identical cells produced from a single cell
genetically identical to parent from whom cell was taken
Created by C. Ippolito
May 2005