1. Pennsylvania Ecosystems

2. Pennsylvania Ecosystems
___________and _____________ factors affect the type and numbers of organisms that will live in a given community.

3. Limiting Factors
_________________ are any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distribution of organisms.

4. Examples of Limiting Factors
_____________________

5. What limiting factors are at work in this ecosystem?

6. Limiting Factors Continued...
A limiting factor in one population will have a ___________________ on other populations in that ecosystem.
Lack of rain
Less grass seed
Reduction in mice population
Reduction in hawk population

7. Limiting Factors in Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania has two primary forest types
_____________________
Each forest type contains tree species which share similar _______________ ___________. The trees grow in close association with each other.

8. Limiting Factors in Pennsylvania
___________________
Rain/snow
Average for PA is _______ inches; ___ in western plateau
Precipitation ______________ through the soil where trees absorb the water and the nutrients dissolved in it
Soil moisture depends on how _______ the slope of the land is.

9. Limiting Factors in Pennsylvania
Precipitation continued...
Steep slopes  ______________
Low lands  ________________
_______________ prefer upland soil (Dry)
_______________ prefer low moist soil

10. Limiting Factors in Pennsylvania
_________________
Temperature decreases as you go up in ________________________________
Cooler temperatures  _______________ ___________________
Ex. ________ in southern PA are replaced by the _______________________ species

11. Limiting Factors in Pennsylvania
_______________
Varies with a number of factors
__________________
_______________ (Greater on south facing)

12. Tolerance
______________ is the ability of an organism to withstand fluctuations in biotic and abiotic environmental factors.
Ex. Catfish can survive in warm water with low oxygen. Trout cannot