1. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

2. Functions of Skeletal System
SUPPORT: Hard framework that supports and anchors the soft organs of the body.
PROTECTION: Surrounds organs such as the brain and spinal cord.
MOVEMENT: Allows for muscle attachment therefore the bones are used as levers.
STORAGE: Minerals and lipids are stored within bone material.
BLOOD CELL FORMATION: The bone marrow is responsible for blood cell production.

3. Bones
Periosteum-tough membrane surrounding bone for protection, bone growth and muscle attachment
Spongy bone – found at ends of bones. More loosely packed cells

4. Compact bone Hard, dense material beneath periosteum
Contains bone cells called osteocytes
Non-living matrix surrounds osteocytes
Collagen–protein for strength
Calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate for hardness
Haversian canals – opening for blood vessels

5. Connective Tissues  
Cartilage Flexible supportive tissue - ear & nose Cushions and protects ends of bones (arthritis)

6. 2. Ligament Connects bone to bone Deep inside joint
Lateral Collateral Ligament
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

7. 3. Tendon connects bone to muscle outside the joint

8. Joints – 2 bones come together. Held together by ligaments
Joints – 2 bones come together. Held together by ligaments. Cushioned by cartilage. Lubricated by synovial fluid
Types of joints:
Ball-and-socket
shoulder & hip

9. Hinge – knee & elbow

10. Gliding – vertebrae & wrist

11. Saddle - thumb

12. Immovable (suture) - skull

17. Frontal
Frontal View

18. Mandible
Frontal View

19. Clavicle

20. Scapula

21. Costals (Ribs)

22. Sternum

23. Vertebrae
Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar (5)

24. Humerus

25. Ulna

26. Radius
(thumb side)

27. Clavicle
Scapula
Sternum
Costals (Ribs)
Humerus
Vertebra
Ulna
Radius

28. Sacrum

29. Ilium

30. Ischium

31. Pubis

32. Femur

33. Patella

34. Tibia

35. Fibula

36. Ilium
Sacrum
Pubis
Ischium
Femur
Patella
Fibula
Tibia

37. Phalanges
Metacarpals
Carpals
Bones of the Hand

38. Phalanges
Metatarsals
Tarsals
Bones of the Foot