1. Kingdom Animalia

2. But first…
A little Review!
For you!

3. Taxonomic hierarchy
Names organisms and their relationships from very broad to very specific

4. All organisms are classified in a hierarchy
Domain (broadest)
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species (most specific)
Only 3 domains
Only 6 kingdoms

5. The Three Domains of Life

8. Bacteria vs Archaea

10. The 6 kingdoms of Life

11. The 6 kingdoms Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Archaebacteria (archaea)
Eubacteria (bacteria)
Eukaryotes
Fungi
Protista
Animalia
Plantae

12. Overview of the 6 kingdoms
Archaebacteria
Unicellular
Live in extreme environments
Prokaryotic
Eubacteria
“Common bacteria”

13. Overview of the 6 kingdoms
Protista
Eukaryotic
Unicellular or colonial
Lots of different life styles
Fungi
Cell walls made of chitin
Multicellular
External heterotrophs

14. Overview of the 6 kingdoms
Plantae
Eukaryotic & Multicellular
Cell walls made of cellulose
Autotrophic
Animalia
No cell walls
Internal heterotrophs

16. Naming Activity:
Look up the classification for humans for all eight hierarchies and write them down!

17. Read the chapter

18. Eukaryotes: Protista
Eukaryotes: organisms with complex cells with nuclei.
Protists (single celled, nuclei)
Animal-like protists divided on the basis of locomotion and morphology
Amoebas
Change shape
Flagellates
Flagellum for locomotion
Ciliate
Cilia for locomotion
Amoeba in motion
Flagellates
Ciliates
Amoeba in motion
Flagellates
Ciliates

19. Protista Unicellular algae Originated in the Mesozoic Era
Plant-like protists
Dinoflagellates
Diatoms: chert
Calcareous nannoplankton: chalk
Originated in the Mesozoic Era
Important marine producers
bioluminescence 3:56
bioluminescence 3:56

20. Protista Protozoans with skeletons Foraminifera (“forams”)
Chambered skeleton of calcium carbonate
Very abundant
Useful for dating rocks and sediments
Why?
They are good index fossils.
Planktonic, over 250,000 species, distinct ranges

21. Protista Protozoa with skeletons Radiolarians
Skeleton made out of opal (SiO2): chert
Related to foraminifera

22. Eukaryotes: Fungi Decomposers Diverse Poor fossil record
Obtain nutrients from dead organisms using digestive enzymes (heterotrophs)
Spore producers
Diverse
Yeast
Mushroom
Poor fossil record
Death Cap 3:56
Death Cap 3:56

23. Plantae First land plants in the Ordovician (490-443my)
Vascular versus Non-vascular
Vessels for transport of water, dissolved nutrients, food
Transportation of materials by diffusion
Example: Mosses

24. Spore Plants Ferns Devonian (417-354my)
Adapted to life on land with roots and leaves
Spores
One set of chromosomes
Fertilized by sperm
Sperm migration requires moisture
Vast Late Paleozoic swamps led to coal formation
Origin of name “Pennsylvanian Period” after coal mines in Pennsylvania

25. Seed Plants
Seeds enabled plants to exploit drier, non coastal habitats
Gymnosperms
Greek word meaning “Naked seed” plants
Conifers
Cone-bearing plants
Eggs are fertilized in cone by pollen
Pollen bears sperm; carried by wind
Dominant in the Mesozoic
Angiosperms
Flowering plants
Pollen carried by pollenators (animals)
Dominant in the Cenozoic

26. Animalia
Two groups
Vertebrates
Possess a backbone
Invertebrates

27. Animalia: Phyla Porifera—sponges
Cnidaria—jellyfish, sea anemones, coral
Platyhelminthes—flatworms
Nematoda—roundworms
Annelida—earthworms
Mollusca—shelled animals
Arthropoda—insects, spiders, lobsters
Echinodermata—spiny-skinned (sea stars)
Chordata—vertebrates (and others)

28. Phylum Porifera (Sponges)
Asymmetrical
Simple invertebrates
Filter feeders
Strain particles from water
Mostly eat bacteria
Flagella pump water through internal canals
Calcium carbonate or silica spicules support structure
Most primitive animal

29. Vid https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8a0oNsDEx8
Sponges. Footage good. Narrator kind of annoying but not too bad. 9:43

30. Phylum Cnidaria - Jellyfish and corals ( jellyfish, anemones, hydra and corals)
Radial symmetry and more complex body plan including mouth, tentacles and digestive cavity
Polyp and Medusa stage

32. Hydra
Cnidaria - Hydra

33. Vid
Cnidaria video 14:00

34. Phylum Platyhelminthes (planarians, tapeworms, flukes)
Bilateral symmetry
Cephalization - head and brain
Acoelomate - no body cavity
Incomplete digestive system (one opening)
Some are parasites in digestive tract

35. Phylum Nematoda (roundworms)
Also called nematodes
Bilateral symmetry
Complete digestive system-( separate mouth and anus) Pseudocoelomate
Decomposers, predators (bacteria, inverts)
Eaten by insects, mice
Beneficial to garden by eating insects
CTV Chafer beetle 2:33
What is a Nematode? 8:49
CTV Chafer beetle 2:33
What is a Nematode? 8:49

36. Phylum Mollusca (shelled…sometimes)
i.e. snails, slugs, clams, mussels, scallops, oysters, octopus and squid
Variety in form
Giant squid = sea serpent
Introduction of garden snails
Shape of Life Mollusks 15:00
Squid skin 3:56
Shape of Life Mollusks 15:00
Squid skin 3:56

37. Mollusks Bivalves (Clams) Gastropods (snails) Cephalopods (octopuses)
Shell of aragonite, calcite, or both
All share a common body plan, though they evolved to fit different ecological niches: crawlers, filter feeders, swimmers

38. Mollusks Cephalopods Chambered nautilus Common in Phanerozoic
Squids, octopuses, chambered nautilusses
Swim in the sea
Jet propulsion
Eyes
Carnivores
Catch with tentacles
Eat with strong beak
Chambered nautilus
Bouyancy due to gas in shell
Pressure accomodated by increased surface area
Common in Phanerozoic

39. Phylum Annelida (segmented worms)
i.e. earthworms, leeches
True coelom
Sensitive to vibrations on ground-rain
Prey for robins, shrews, jays, snakes
Leeches have cornified knobs to break skin, anticoagulant and anesthetic
brain into 3:13
Annelida 4:38
This is What Happens When You Put Earthworm in Your garden soil 3:43
time lapse composting 2:19
brain into 3:13
Annelida 4:38
This is What Happens When You Put Earthworm in Your garden soil 3:43
time lapse composting 2:19

40. Phylum Arthropoda (jointed legged animals)
Insects, crabs, spiders, lobsters, trilobites
Trilobite
Three-lobed body
Central, left-and right- lobed
External skeleton
Gill-like structure for respiration
Legs
Primitive eyes
Common in Cambrian ( mya)
Illustrates that complex life formed early in Earth History and challenges traditional view of evolution as a move from primitive to advanced forms of life.
TED ED 4:43
water striders 3:56
spider balloon 1:22
TED ED 4:43
water striders 3:56
spider balloon 1:22

41. Phylum Arthropoda (jointed legged animals)
The most diverse animal group
350,000 species of beetle alone

42. Echinodermata Spiny-skinned form Five-fold symmetry Starfishes
Predators
Lower Paleozoic
Sea urchins
Regular sea urchins
Radially symmetrical bodies
Irregular sea urchins
Bilaterally symmetric
Burrowers

43. Echinoderms Crinoids Sea lillies Sieve food using arms May swim
Pass food to mouth with tube feet
May swim
May be attached by flexible stalk
Disk-shaped plates from stalk

44. Phylum Chordata (includes the vertebrates)
i.e. fish, sharks, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
Notochord, nerve cord, gill slits, tail

45. Chordates Notochord, Gills and Tail Notochord
Flexible, rodlike structure that supports body for some part of life cycle
Spinal cord
Runs next to notochord

46. Vertebrates

47. Vertebrates Fishes Tetrapods: Amphibians
Devonian 417 to 354 mya: Age of Fishes
Jawless Fishes “Class Agnatha”
Placoderms: Earliest jawed fishes. Armored plates but no teeth- sharp jaws instead. Devonian
Ray-finned fishes
Fins supported by thin bones radiating from body
Lobe-finned fishes (sharks)
Tetrapods: Amphibians
Amphi meaning both, Bios meaning life
3000 living species
Devonian: Ichthyostega climbs to shore in Greenland
An Ichthyosaur