1. Reproductive System
Male vs. Female

2. Your body has all these opportunities to make a human being, but one egg and one sperm made you.
YOU WERE THE WINNER!!!!

3. The Endocrine Glands Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Ovary Testis
The hypothalamus makes hormones that control the pituitary gland. In addition, it makes hormones that are stored in the pituitary gland.
Pituitary gland
The pituitary gland produces hormones that regulate many of the other endocrine glands.
Ovary
The ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen is required for the development of secondary sex characteristics and for the development of eggs. Progesterone prepares the uterus for a fertilized egg.
Testis
The testes produce testosterone, which is responsible for sperm production and the development of male secondary sex characteristics

4. Testes and Scrotum

5. Human Male Anatomy Testes Scrotum Sperm produced through meiosis
Takes Over 100 days to produce functional sperm
Mature male produces 300 million/day
Can live 48 hrs inside female
Scrotum
Sac/Location of testes
Environment 3o lower than body temperature

6. Epididymis and Sperm

7. Male (cont’) Epididymis Vas deferens
Contains coiled tubes (seminiferous tubules)
Located in scrotum
Where sperm complete maturing
Stored until released
Vas deferens
Duct/transports sperm from epididymis to urethra
Peristaltic contractions

8. Reproductive System Manipulative
There is approxiamately 100 yards of seminiferous tubules within the testes and epididymus.
On a spool of thread there is about 100 yards of string.

9. Male (cont’) Urethra Sperm
Transports urine and sperm out of the male’s body
Sperm
Head
nucleus
Enzymes to penetrate egg (acrosome)
Mid piece
Many mitochondria
Provide energy for trip
Tail
Propels the sperm

10. Sperm Development ~100 days to make a sperm from start to finish:
• 74 days to the production of a semi-motile sperm
• 20 days for the sperm to traverse the 6-m (18-ft) length of epididymis while they gain their motility
• at least six days storage within the vas deferens before ejaculation.

12. Fluids in Semen Seminal vesicles Pair of glands
Base of urinary bladder
Secretes mucus type fluid
Rich in sugar fructose
Provides energy
Prostate gland
Single doughnut shape
Surrounds top portion of urethra
Provides alkaline fluid for movement & survival (milky white)
Bulbourethral glands
Two tiny glands
Below the prostate
Provides alkaline fluid for protection against acidic vagina

13. Hormonal Control Changes during puberty are controlled by hormones
Secreted by the endocrine system
Hypothalamus produces hormones that interact with and are stored in the pituitary gland
Pituitary gland: the base of the hypothalamus & releases
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Leuteinizing hormone (LH)
They both travel to the testes via blood stream

14. In the Testes FSH causes sperm production
LH causes testosterone to be produced
Testosterone: hormone causing secondary sex characteristics
Growth of sex organs
Production of sperm
Increase of body hair
Increase of body mass
Increase in growth of long bones
Deepening of voice

16. Human Female Anatomy Ovary Fallopian Tubes (Oviducts) Uterus Cervix
Location of egg production
Two ovaries
Located on either side of lower abdomen
Fallopian Tubes (Oviducts)
Tubes that transports eggs
Connects ovaries to uterus
Transport is by peristalsis & beating cilia
Fertilization takes place
Uterus
Contains environment to allow for the development of a fertilized egg
Expands 500 x’s its normal size during a full term pregnancy
Cervix
Neck of the uterus
Vagina
Passageway from uterus to outside
Copulation takes place here

18. Hormonal control Secondary sex characteristics:
Begins with hypothalamus
Signals pituitary to release FSH & LH
FSH:
Stimulates the development of follicles
Follicles: group of epithelial cells that surrounds an undeveloped egg
Causes ovaries to release estrogen, responsible for 2ndary sex characteristics
Secondary sex characteristics:
Sex organs
Body hair
Long bones
Broadening of hips
Fat deposits
Menstrual cycle

19. Menstrual Cycle

20. Menstrual Cycle Menstrual cycle phases: Produces an egg
Prepares uterus for fetus
Ovary produces progesterone
Progesterone: causes changes in lining of uterus
puberty, lasts until menopause
30 to 40 years
Average length of menstrual cycle 28 days
If egg not fertilized, uterus lining shed
Menstrual cycle phases:
Follicular phase: increase in FSH, LH & estrogen
Ovulation: high LH, decrease of estrogen
Luteal phase: progesterone & estrogen increase, all others drop; corpus luteum develops
Flow phase (Menstruation): FSH increases

21. Egg Development Starts before female is born Develops to prophase I
Ovulation:
An egg ruptures from ovary
Passes into oviduct (fallopian tube)
Once a month
Fertilization in oviduct (fallopian tube)

22. Fertilization and Implantation
Section 39-4
Uterine wall
Blastocyst
Morula
4 cells
2 cells
Zygote
Ovary
Fallopian tube
Day 3
Day 2
Day 1
Day 4
Fertilization
Day 0
Day 7
Implantation of blastocyst
Egg released by ovary

24. Breast Cancer (FYI) Most common malignancy of US women
180,000 American women
1 in 8 women will develop breast cancer.
Arises from epithelial cells of the ducts, small clusters of cancer cells grow into a lump in the breast from which cells eventually metastasize.

25. Risk Factors (FYI) Risk factors: early onset of menopause
no pregnancies or first pregnancy late in life
history of breast cancer
silicone breast implants
high estrogen concentrations
cigarette smoking
excessive alcohol intake
hereditary defects
70% of women who develop breast cancer have no known risk factors for the disease.

26. Early Warning Signals (FYI)
Changes in skin texture
Puckering
Leakage from nipple
Lumps in breast

27. Early Detection (FYI) Monthly self breast exam Mammogram
x-ray that can detect cancer smaller than 1 cm, recommended every 2 years from women between and then yearly from age 50.

28. Treatment (FYI) Radiation Chemotherapy
Surgery followed by radiation or chemo
Lumpectomy- only cancerous lump removed.
Simple masectomy- removal of breast tissue only.
Radical mastectomy- removal of entire affected breast, muscles, fascia, and lymph nodes.

29. STD – Sexually Transmitted Disease
Bacterial
Chlamydia – 3 million cases every year
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Viral
Hepatitis B
Genital Herpes
Genital Warts
HIV (AIDS)

30. Elaborate
Watch the live birth sequence at the end of Miracle of Life and discuss the hormones (Endocrine System) role in labor.
Positive feedback mechanism.