2. Have you ever wondered how an aircraft can find a specific airport in a highly populated airspace?

3. How can an aircraft land in an airport when the weather condition seem to be so hostile and the visibility is really low?

4. Purpose Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP) Airport Navigation and Landing Systems

5. IAP IFR IMC Conditions Published IAP (approach plates)

6. IAPs 1. Non-Precision Approach Systems: 2. Precision Approach Systems: VORNDB Ground Base Systems ILS Ground Base Systems WAAS (LPV) GPS Satellite Base Systems

7. Non-Precision Approach Terminal VOR T - VOR Lateral Guidance to Runway Ground Base Systems

8. Non-Precision Approach NDB (1) Receiver: Automatic Direction Finder,and (2)Transmitter: Non- Directional Radio Beacon Provide lateral guidance to a runway Ground Base Systems

9. Non-Precision Approach GPS (1) Satellites (24 and 3 for backup), (2) Ground Station, and (3) GPS receiver (pilots cockpit) Provide lateral guidance to a runway Satellite Base Systems

10. Precision Approach ILS (1) Localizer, (2) Glide slope, and (3) Marker Beacons Provide lateral and vertical guidance Ground Base Systems

11. Precision Approach LPV/WAAS LPV uses WAAS only Lateral and Vertical guidance Satellite Base Systems