1. Protein Synthesis
Chapter 10

2. RNA
ribonucleic acid
contains the sugar ribose, uses uracil instead of thymine
is single stranded
usually much shorter in length than DNA (about the length of one gene)

3. RNA & Transcription
During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands. RNA polymerase then uses one strand of DNA as a template from which nucleotides are assembled.

4. RNA vs. DNA So why the big diff? RNA DNA
Single-stranded molecule in most of its biological roles and has a much shorter chain of nucleotides.
Contains ribose
Complementary nucleotide to adenine is uracil
Double-stranded helix
Contains deoxyribose
Complementary nucleotide to adenine is thymine
So why the big diff?

5. Now the RNA contains the coded information for making proteins.
How Genes Work
Genes are coded DNA instructions that control the production of proteins with in the cell.
The first thing that needs to happen is for DNA to be copied into RNA. (transcription)
Now the RNA contains the coded information for making proteins.

6. The many faces of RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA): carries copies of instructions for assemble of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): makes up the major part of the ribosome
Transfer RNA (tRNA): transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
Vocab!! Yes!!

7. The Genetic Code mRNA has a “4” letter alphabet: A, U, C, G
“words” (codes) are only 3 letters long
each 3 letter “word” is called a codon

8. The Genetic Code Start codon: AUG Stop codons: UAA, UAG, UGA
mRNA: indicates where translation should begin
Stop codons: UAA, UAG, UGA
Signal for translation to end

9. UCGCACGGU UCG-CAC-GGU Serine-Histidine-Glycine
The Genetic Code
UCGCACGGU UCG-CAC-GGU Serine-Histidine-Glycine

10. Definitely a definition.
Translation
Definitely a definition.
Decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain (amino acids)
Takes place on the ribosomes.
DNA replication
RNA transcription
mRNA translation
polypeptide

11. Translation
mRNA has the codon
tRNA has the anticodon

12. Summary