1. Conditionals; Other Ways to Express Unreality Experiences of an International Traveller 9

2. Tired Traveller If only I had found a taxi. I wish I could brush my teeth right now. If the airport hadnt lost my luggage, I wouldnt have been delayed. If I had more money, I would stay at better hotels.

3. Real Conditionals Real conditionals are sentences that describe situations that occur regularly or are likely or possible in the future. If we dont get to the station on time, the train will leave without us. In present-time situations, use the simple present in both clauses to describe habitual or regularly occurring actions. In future-time situations, use the simple present in the if clause and the future with will or be going to in the result clause. If I dont put sun lotion on, I get a bad sunburn.

4. Unreal Conditionals Unreal conditionals are sentences that describe situations that are untrue, unlikely, or impossible in the present or the past. In present-time situations, use the simple past in the if clause and would, could, or might plus the base form of the verb in the result clause. If I had enough money, I would visit Paris. She doesnt have enough money and she wont visit Paris.

5. He didnt travel with a map, so he got lost. Present Unreal Conditionals Use the simple past in the if clause. If the verb is be, use were for all persons. Use could, might, or would + base form in the result clause. If I were a better planner I wouldnt travel without a map. Wheres my wallet? If he were more careful, he would notice that his wallet was missing.

6. Past Unreal Conditionals Use the past unreal conditional for past unreal, untrue, imagined, or impossible conditions and their unreal results. Use the past perfect in the if clause. Use could, might, or would + have + past participle in the result clause. If I had looked at a map, I wouldnt have got lost. He didnt look at a map, so he got lost. Wheres my wallet? If he had been more careful, he might have noticed his wallet was missing.

7. Practice 1 Look at the chart and complete the conditionals with your own ideas. If + past perfect AND would/could/might + have + past participle verb If + simple past AND would/could/might + base form verb If + simple present AND will + base form verb If + simple present AND simple present Past UnrealUnrealReal Examples: If I have enough money, I will travel to Asia. If I had enough money, I would travel to Asia. If I had had a lot of money, I would have travelled to Asia. I will travel to Asia. I would travel to Asia. I would have travelled to Asia.

8. Wish 1 Use wish + could / would + base form to express a wish about the future. I wish that baby would stop crying. This is what he wants, but he is not sure if the baby will change his behaviour.

9. Wish 2 Use wish + the simple past to express a wish about the present. I wish I caught an earlier flight. I wish I had more leg room.

10. Wish 3 I wish I hadnt eaten that plane food. The man ate the plane food. Use wish + the past perfect to express a wish about the past.

11. Hope and Wish Dont confuse hope and wish. I hope I get to the plane on time. I wish (that) I didnt have so much luggage. Use hope to express a desire about events that are possible or probable. Use wish to express regrets about things that are unlikely or impossible to change.

12. If Only If only can also be used to express wishes. If only they wouldnt leave me here for the rest of my life. If only they could see me. Present Future