1. The Fall of Communism and the U.S.S.R

2. Eastern Bloc Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 15 Republics: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan 7 Satellite Countries: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia

3. The Reign of Gorbachev 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev becomes U.S.S.R leader Implements reform: 1.Perestroika – Economic reform “restructuring” 2.Glasnost – “openness” People allowed to speak out against gov. Western fashion, music, culture 3.Democratization

4. Gorbachev loses power Reform brings economic problems –W/O gov. help, factories close Changes brings a call for democratic change (?) Discontent spreads Communism fell, but so did Gorbachev.

5. The Berlin Wall Falls! 1987 – President Reagan, “Mr. Gorbachev, tear this wall down!” 1989, Hungary opened its border with Austria, East Germans flee to the West. Massive public demonstrations in East Germany and Eastern Europe, the Berlin Wall fell on November 9, 1989.

6. Fall of Berlin Wall

7. East Germans storm the wall

8. West Germans Tear down the wall

9. New Leadership in U.S.S.R June 1991, Boris Yeltsin comes to power First directly elected president, communist is voted OUT! “Hard-liners” oppose reform

10. End of the U.S.S.R 1991, August Coup attempt in Moscow Play Me! Coup sparks independence movements Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), federation of Soviet territories Christmas Day, 1991, Gorbachev resigns as president and U.S.S.R to nonexistent

12. WARM-UP Yesterday was Memorial Day, on the L side of notebook, write a short letter to anyone you know who has fought for our country. Be critical thinkers and self-guided achievers!

13. Changes in Europe Poland “Solidarity” – 1980, shipyard union strike & demanded recognition Lech Walesa – leader of the movement and 1988 strike 1990 – Walesa becomes Prez. 1999 join Nato Hungary Small stock market opened, allowing $$ growth New constitution = new elections Voter’s put non- commies in power…1994, tides change 1999 join NATO

14. Germany Reunification – the merging of two Germanys October 3,1990: “Two become one” Now the strongest economy in Europe First female chancellor, Angela Merkel

15. Czechoslovakia “Velvet Revolution” – 500K in Prague and government stepped down –Ended commie rule –Vaclav Havel 1 st Prez. 1/1/93 – Splits into The Czech Republic and Slovakia Citizens mourn the death of Vaclav Havel, 12/11

16. The Former Yugoslavia