1. Resistance to Imperialism

2. Settler Colonies
Some of the areas conquered by imperial powers were treated as settler colonies
More similar to the Early Modern settlements in the Americas,
Europeans actively migrated to and settled in certain colonies
In colonies such as South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand,
British and Dutch settlers formed large European populations
Additionally, settlers dealt with similar resistance from
natives as did the American settlers in the 16th and 17th century
While disease enabled the easier conquest of Aus/NZ, native
Africans in South Africa posed a more organized resistance

6. Indian Rebellion – Sepoy Rebellion - 1857
In 1857, a mutiny of sepoys (Indian members of the Brit. East.
India Co.’s military) began to rebel against BEIC rule in India
Led by Mangal Pandey, this large-scale rebellion nearly overthrew the British in India
Despite their efforts, the British Empire’s military
backed the BEIC, and British rule was maintained
However, after the rebellion, the British government
took complete control of India from the BEIC
From 1857 till after WWII, British rule in India would be known as the British Raj,
and would be ruled strictly by the British government as a colony of the British Empire

7. Boxer Rebellion – China - 1898
By the 1890s, the Chinese people and government had been humiliated
by the Opium Wars, and the intrusion of Westerners, Russia, and Japan
To rid China of these intruders, and ends the ‘Spheres of Influence’ in China, a
group of martial artists known as the ‘Boxers’ to the West rose up in rebellion
Without the Qing gov. initially, rebels acted privately; however, seeing she
needed to support the rebellion, Empress Cixi supported it soon after it began
They violently overran many Western offices and businesses,
and killed many European citizens, officials, and ambassadors
While temporarily successful, a joint coalition force of Western
forces easily and violently put down the rebels and the Qing gov. forces

8. Peripheral Societies
While many civilizations were controlled in some way by industrialized nations
by the 19th century, some nations began independently at that time
For several decades, the Cherokee nation existed within the
boundaries of the Unite States (forced during the Trail of Tears)
While they were eventually absorbed into the US as a
Reservation, they did achieve independent status for some time
Additionally, independent nations formed in Hawaii, Siam
(Thailand), and the Zulu Kingdom in South Africa

9. Zulu Kingdom In the 1820s, the Zulu king Shaka Zulu united (by
peace and force) many of the South African tribes
Around the same time, the British were engaged in the Boer Wars,
as they forcibly took the colony of South Africa from the Dutch
Once completed, both the British and Zulu territories expanded and collided
While the British would invade and incorporate the Zulu Kingdom,
the Zulus inflicted the worst native defeat to the British Empire
The Battle of Iswalanda was won by the Zulu on Britain’s first invasion, and while
the British won out on their second, it put an embarrassing mark on British reputation