1. The Protein-making Process
Protein Synthesis
The Protein-making Process

2. RNA
Messenger RNA (mRNA) copies DNA’s code & carries the genetic information to the ribosomes
Transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers amino acids to the ribosomes where proteins are synthesized

3. Proteins make up all living materials

4. Proteins are composed of amino acids – there are 20 different amino acids
Different proteins are made by combining these 20 amino acids in different combinations

5. Proteins are made by the ribosomes

6. Making Proteins
Step 1: Transcription

7. Making a Protein—Transcription
First Step: Copying of genetic information from DNA to RNA called Transcription
Part of DNA temporarily unzips and is used as a template to assemble matching nucleotides into messenger RNA (mRNA).

8. DNA- ATTGCGTAAGGCTCGAT RNA-
Match the DNA-RNA
DNA- ATTGCGTAAGGCTCGAT RNA-

9. mRNA then goes through the pores of the nucleus with the DNA code and attaches to the ribosome.

10. Making Proteins
Step 2: Translation

11. Making a Protein—Translation
Second Step: Translation- Decoding of mRNA into a protein
Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome.

12. These amino acids come from the food we eat
These amino acids come from the food we eat. Proteins we eat are broken down into individual amino acids and then simply rearranged into new proteins according to the needs and directions of our DNA.

13. A series of three bases in a row in mRNA codes for a specific amino acid—called a codon.
Each tRNA has 3 nucleotides that match the codon in mRNA.
Each tRNA codes for a different amino acid.
Amino acid
Anticodon

14. mRNA carrying the DNA instructions and tRNA carrying amino acids meet in the ribosomes.

15. Amino acids are joined together to make a protein.
Polypeptide = Protein

16. AUG/AAC/GAC/UAA
___________/___________/___________/____________
Methionine
Asparagine
Aspartic Acid
Stop

17. Protein Synthesis