1. DO NOW – BIOLOGY What is C6H12O6? Where do plants exchange gases?
Could plants survive without animals? Why or why not?
Could animals survive without plants? Why or why not?
In 10 words or less, explain how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interconnected.

2. DO NOW - ENVIRONMENAL What is passive transport?
What is active transport?
What is osmosis?
What part of the cell membrane provides structural support?
What makes plant cells different?

3. Plant Tissue and Organs
Plant Physiology
Plant Tissue and Organs
SC.912.L.14.7 Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes.

4. Objective: By the end of the day you will be able to…
Describe the structure and function of:
Plant Tissues (dermal, ground, meristematic, vascular – xylem, phloem and cambium).
Plant organs (roots, stems, and leaves – stomata and guard cells).
Essential Question: How have the structures and functions of plants enabled them to survive?

5. Let’s get started!
Aligned Investigation Set Up: Rate of Transpiration in Celery
Predictions: What do you think will happen and why?
Record Data: Start you timer when celery is places in food coloring & keep an eye on it during the lesson. Stop your timer when the color reaches the top.

6. Plants Plants are very important to all other life.
Just like other organisms, plants have specialized cells, tissues and organs.

7. Plant Tissues Plant Organs are made of four tissue systems.
Dermal Tissue covers the outside of a plant.
Protects the plant.
Secretes cuticle of leaves.
Forms outer bark of trees.
Ground Tissue is found inside a plant.
Provides support.
Stores materials in roots and stems.
Meristematic Tissue consists of small, densely packed cells that can keep dividing to form new cells.
Allow cells to stay forever young.
Involved in plant growth.
Why is there so much ground tissue in the picture above?
Where would there be a lot of meristematic tissue?

8. Higher Order Thinking Question #1
On leaves and some stems, cells may secrete a wax-coated substance that becomes the cuticle which provides protection in a variety of ways. What tissue system would it be a part of?
Dermal

9. Plant Tissues Vascular Tissue transports water, minerals
stem
leaf
root
Vascular Tissue transports water, minerals
and organic compounds.
Made of two networks of hollow tubes.
Xylem transports water and minerals.
Phloem transports photosynthetic products
(water and sugar).
*To help you remember WX are together in the alphabet (Water – Xylem) & phloem moves sugars (food) from photosynthesis.

10. Cambium can be xylem or phloem.
Tricks to remember….
Cambium can be xylem or phloem.
Plant Tissues
Cambium layer of actively dividing cells located between the xylem and phloem in the stem and root of a vascular plant.
Does not transport water, minerals or dissolved food.
Produces the phloem and xylem .
Responsible for secondary growth (thickening of plant stems).

11. Higher Order Thinking Question #2
If the xylem and phloem in a young tree is damaged, which process is first affected?

12. Plant Organs
Just like other organisms, plants have organs which have specialized structures.

13. Roots
Roots make up over half the body of the plant and provide many functions:
- Anchor the plant in the ground .
- Absorb water and minerals from the soil.
What type of tissue would be at the root cap? Meristimatic
Why would a plant want lots of root hairs? More surface area for water absorption

14. Roots
Parts of a Root:
Root hairs are tiny projections on the dermal cells of roots that aid in absorption of water and minerals.
Root cap – a small cone of cells that protects the growing part of the root as it pushes through the soil.
What type of tissue would be at the root cap? Meristimatic
Why would a plant want lots of root hairs? More surface area for water absorption
root cap

15. Roots
Roots also include the xylem, phloem and cambium that aid in growth and movement of materials for photosynthesis and transpiration.
Roots are covered in dermal tissue and have ground tissue.

16. Higher Order Thinking Question #3
How would a plant be affected if it’s roots are permanently damaged?
The plant would not be able to absorb water.
Plant growth will stop.

17. Stems Stems have many functions: Support leaves and flowers.
Houses most of the vascular system.
Store water.
Grow underground for storage.
Form new plants.
Cactus
Ginger rhizomes

18. Stems
Stems also include xylem, phloem and cambium which aid in growth, transpiration and photosynthesis.

19. Higher Order Thinking Question #4
Why do you believe that it is necessary for the stem to have a xylem, phloem and cambium?

20. Leaves Leaves are the site of photosynthesis.
Absorb sunlight and carry out photosynthesis.
All leaves have the same structure and function.
The topside of the leaf is where the majority of the chloroplasts are located that absorb the sunlight.
The underside of the leaf contain the stomata and is the site of transpiration and gas exchange.

21. Leaves Guard cells surround each stomata (opening)
Stomata open and close when guard cells change shape.
When stomata are open, water evaporates and gas exchanges.
Stomata close at night and when the plant loses too much water.
How would light intensity affect guard cells? What if it was cloudy for a very long time?
Stomata (opening)
stomata
guard cells

22. Higher Order Thinking Question #5
How would the function of the leaves be affected if there were no guard cells?

23. Movement of Water
How can water get from the roots of the plant to the leaves at the very top?
Transpiration!
Transpiration is the loss of water through the stomata.
How does transpiration pull water through a plant?
As water exits the stomata, it draws more water along the xylem thus pulling water up the plant.
Which properties of water allows this to happen? ______________ and _______________
Cohesion
Adhesion

24. Water Review What does it mean that water is polar?
Unequal distribution of charges.
How does the polarity of water….
cause hydrogen bonding?
cause cohesion and adhesion?
allow for the ability of water to moderate temperature?
influence its properties as a solvent?

25. Higher Order Thinking Question #6
How does cohesion and adhesion allow for transpiration to occur?

26. Plant Tissue & Organs Dissection

27. Exit Slip
How have the structures and functions of plants enabled them to survive?