1. From Bacteria to Plants Pages 8-21

2. Characteristics of Bacteria
Anton von Leeuwenhoek discovered bacteria when he observed scrapings of his teeth.

3. Structure of Bacterial Cells
Bacteria come in 3 basic shapes
Cocci which looks like sphere
Spirillum which looks like spiral
Bacillus which looks like a rod
They are considered to be living because they are made up of cells.

4. Structure of Bacterial Cells
Here is a typical bacterial cell
Ribosomes make proteins
Flagellum = movement
Capsule = prevents drying
Chomosome = genetic material

5. Structure of Bacterial Cells
Bacteria are prokaryotes, which means they lack a nucleus.
Some bacteria have features such as a capsule, slime layer or flagella to help them survive in unfavorable environments.

6. Bacterial Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction (Binary Fission)
Involves 1 parent
Offspring are identical to the parent
Often do this through fission: a process in which one cell divides to form two identical cells

7. Bacterial Reproduction
Sexual Reproduction (Conjugation)
Involves 2 parents, combination of both parents’ genetic material
Creates a New Organism
Results in bacteria with new combination of genetic material
Doesn’t increase the number of bacteria
Increase kinds of bacteria

8. Obtaining Food and Energy
Can either be autotrophs or heterotrophs
Most are consumers
Breakdown food in a process called respiration

9. Kingdoms of Bacteria Eubacteria Archaebacteria Live almost everywhere
Most are useful or harmless
Some cause disease (tetanus & strep throat)
Help maintain some of Earth’s conditions
Archaebacteria
Found in extreme conditions

10. Beneficial Bacteria Some ways bacteria are good for us
Make antibiotics
Produce vitamins
Aid in digestion of food
Recycle materials
Used for fuel
In foods
Clean up waste (pollutants)
Make cleansers

11. Harmful Bacteria Some ways bacteria are bad for us
Pathogens = cause disease
Produce toxins = poisons
Infectious Disease: Disease caused by virus, bacteria, protist, or fungi AND spreads.

12. Preventing and Treating Bacterial Diseases
Vaccines can be effective against preventing bacterial diseases.
Bacterial diseases CAN be treated with antibiotics.
Pasteurization = heating a liquid to kill the bacteria.

13. Bacteria Vocabulary Consumers Flagella Antibiotic Fission Saprophyte
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Pathogen
Toxin
Vaccine
Flagella
Fission
Aerobe
Anaerobe
Coccus
Bacillus
Spirilum