2. Vocabulary Activity Define the following terms in your notes
Parens Patriae
Delinquent Offender
Status offender
Neglect
Abused children

4. History and Overview of Juvenile Courts
Mid 19th century reformers of the judicial system began to argue that the family was the cause for delinquent behavior
Parents were failing to teach their children proper values and respect
Solution- Created a juvenile court to assume the parents position (parens patriae)
Movement from punishment to rehabilitation (by teaching morals)

5. History and Overview of Juvenile Courts
First Juvenile Court – Cook county Illinois 1899
Court was informal allowing the court to act as parent or guardian

6. History and Overview of Juvenile Courts
Today the court generally handles three types of offenders:
Delinquent offenders- Youths who have committed acts that would be crimes if committed by adults
Status offenders – Youths who have committed acts that would not be crimes if committed by adults (running away from home, skipping school, etc.)
Neglected or abused children – Sexually, physically or emotionally abused or parents have failed care for the child

7. History and Overview of Juvenile Courts
In most states juvenile jurisdiction extends through the age of 17

8. “Humanitarian” “Control”
Since 1899 the juvenile justice system has tried to strike a balance between -
“Humanitarian”
Emphasizes rehabilitation
of the offender
“Control”
Emphasizes
punishing the offender

9. Juvenile Justice Today
In the 1960s many people argued that the juvenile court system was providing harsher treatment than the adult system
The supreme court ruling in the Gault case extended many adult rights to juveniles
in re Winship (1970) the Supreme Court ruled that a juvenile charged with a criminal act must be found “delinquent by proof beyond a reasonable doubt” (Same standard as adults)

11. Prosecuting Juveniles In Adult Court
Juvenile Waiver – Allows juvenile court judges to send juveniles to adult court for prosecution
Statutory Exclusion – Requires certain offenses committed by juveniles to be prosecuted in adult court
Direct File-Prosecutors have discretion to file charges against juveniles in adult criminal court

21. Procedures in Juvenile Court

22. Procedures in Juvenile Court
Intake
Initial or Detention Hearing
Adjudicatory Hearing
Equivalent to an arrest (Adult)
May be taken into custody for a status offence
Police have the desecration of releasing with warning, referring to a social program or detain
1/3 of all complaints are disposed of during this phase by dismissal
Intake – the informal process in which court officials or social workers decide if a juvenile should be referred to juvenile court

23. Procedures in Juvenile Court
Intake
Initial or Detention Hearing
Adjudicatory Hearing
State must prove validity of arrest
State must prove (1) a crime has been committed (2) Probable cause that the accused committed it.
In order to detain the juvenile the state must prove that society is better served by the detention
Attorney is usually assigned at this time (if defendant does not have one)
No bail is set (Judge rules either release or preventative detention)
Initial Hearing – Preliminary investigation of arrest.

24. Procedures in Juvenile Court
Intake
Initial or Detention Hearing
Adjudicatory Hearing
Names of accused and case details are withheld from the public
Accused does not have the right to a jury trial
Accused does have the right to have an attorney present
Attorney can examine and cross examine witnesses
Judge rules either delinquent (Conviction) or not delinquent (Free to go)
Adjudicatory Hearing – Procedure used to determine the facts in a juvenile case, closed to the public.

25. Procedures in Juvenile Court
Intake
Initial or Detention Hearing
Adjudicatory Hearing
Dispositional Hearing
Judge decides the sentence or disposition the offender will receive
Sentence is primarily based on the predisposition report
Sentences may include: probation, community service, fines, restitution, treatment program, commitment to a state institution
Probation is the most common
Could be institutionalized until the age of 21
Dispositional Hearing – The final sentence or result of the case.

26. Procedures in Juvenile Court
Intake
Initial or Detention Hearing
Adjudicatory Hearing
Dispositional Hearing
Post
Disposition
Offender has the right to appeal
After care (Parole)
Reentry Programs
Post Disposition

27. Having a Record
Juvenile found delinquent does not have a criminal record (crime refers only to adult convictions)
Juveniles in general do not lose any civil rights upon reaching adulthood
In many states Juvenile records do become public record
Juvenile records can be considered when sentencing adults
Expunged - Some states allow juvenile records to be sealed when the juvenile reaches the age of 18 or 21 if certain conditions are met