1. Pollution

2. Types of Pollution Nitrogen (wastewater, farming) Pharmaceuticals
Garbage
Heavy metals (Hg, Zn, Pb, Fe)
Chemicals (PCB’s, industrial waste)
Petroleum products

3. Entry: Water Cycle Circulation of water in Earth
Evaporation: changing of water from liquid to gas
Transpiration: Release of water vapor from plant leaves
Condensation: changing of vapor to liquid (cooled down)
Precipitation: Water that returns to the earth

4. Water Cycle

5. Water Cycle and Pollution
Rivers and streams transport nutrients, salts, sediments, and pollutants from watersheds to estuaries ( through runoff) and ultimately to ocean

6. Connecticut Watershed

8. Sources of pollution Nonpoint source: --- many smaller point sources
Occurs as a result of runoff
Caused by:
septic tanks, cars, trucks, boats, farms, ranches, construction sites, cities, etc.
Hard to manage
Loss of aquatic species diversity, damage to coral reefs, algae blooms, sea grass bed decline, closure of beaches (swimming) and shellfish beds

9. 2. Point source pollution
Pollution originates from an identifiable source
Ex: oil spills, algae blooms, industrial plants, sewage pipes

10. Nitrogen Fertilizers Treated and untreated sewage
Overfertilization of crops
Runoff
Treated and untreated sewage
Wastewater released from treatment plants
Combined sewer overflows (CSO’s)

11. Pharmaceuticals
Medications and hormones that have been used or discarded
Treated and untreated sewage
Landfills
Vetranary medications
Aquaculture (fish farms)
Cattle feed lots
Have negative effects on the reproduction of aquatic species and stimulate the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria
Titanium, zinc, mercury

12. Garbage

13. Plastic, debris, chemical sludge trapped by currents in North Pacific

14. Pacific Garbage Patch http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rTZUVjF69eg

15. Chemicals Mercury & copper Lead Chromium, copper, arsenic, & zinc
Power plants
Lead
gasoline
Chromium, copper, arsenic, & zinc
Boats and pilings
PCB’s
Pesticides (DDT)
copper

16. Petroleum Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill-2010
April 20 to July 15
4.9 million barrels of oil (210 million gal)
Had to engineer a solution
Exxon Valdez Oil Spill- 1989
11 million gal
Covered 1,300 miles of coastline
Covered 11,000 square miles of ocean
Resulted in numerous environmental sanctions