1. Design
Chapter 6
Photocopy

2. Vocabulary Emphasis – Variety – Tactile – Rhythm – Proportion –
Unity –

3. Vocabulary
Repetition –
Harmony –
Gradation –
Transition –
Radiation –

4. Elements and Principles of Design
Space
Line
Shape & Form
Texture
Color
Proportion & Scale
Balance
Symmetrical
Asymmetrical
Emphasis
Rhythm
Repetition
Gradation
Transition
Radiation
Harmony, Unity & Variety

5. Elements in Detail Space Line Specific area with a purpose
Length & Width of object
Provides privacy & security
Small = exposed due to homes close together
Large = loneliness because of empty space
Gradual change in space is pleasing
Line
Vertical = tall, formal
Lead eye up
Horizontal = short, calm
Leads eye side to side, widens the area
Diagonal = action
Use sparingly, can be overwhelming
Curved = soft, graceful
Too many can appear busy

6. Shape & Form Shape Form Flat image (2 dimensional)
Starts and ends with line to form geometric shapes
Geometric shapes can occur in nature in flowers, mountains, and animals
Surface treatment can affect the appearance
Shiny = reflections, smooth
Textured = absorbs sound and light
Form
Outlined edges of a 3 dimensional object
Furniture, wall hangings, etc.
Furniture should relate to interior space of rooms
May send a message about the room
Small, thin forms = fragile, simple
Large, bulky forms = stability

7. Texture & Color Texture Color The surface quality of an object
May be actual or perceived tactile quality
Can affect color greatly
Find a balance between too many different textures or too much of the same texture.
Color
The MOST important element in design
See chapter 7

8. Proportion and Scale Proportion Scale
Ratio of how one part relates to the whole
Uneven ratios are more appealing than even ones
Golden Section (Mean)
Smaller portion to larger portion & larger portion to whole
3:5 ratio is most pleasing
Discovered by Greeks
Uneven proportions = negative feelings about design/object
Size of object in relation to a familiar size
Tall people, Short people = different scales
Large rooms need large objects
Actual size and visual size may not be in agreement
Chair with large pattern

9. Balance & Emphasis Balance Emphasis Formal/Symmetrical
Exact on either side of dividing line
Informal/Asymmetrical
Appears equal on each side “visual balance” but not exact
Formal balance is easiest to see
Informal balance has more creativity and appeal
Center point
Single item or many smaller items that create the feeling of a large item.
Ex. Group of many picture frames on large wall

10. Rhythm Leads viewer from one point to another
Repetition: same color, line or texture used
Gradation: gradual change in size, visual weight, or color of objects
Transition: line that connects objects that may not be physically connected
Radiation: lines moving outward from a central point

11. Leftovers Designs should not interfere with the function of the room
Elements and principles work together to create feelings of harmony, variety and unity in design
Accessories used should reflect personality of inhabitants
Functional Accessories = lamps, clocks, etc.
Decorative Accessories = plants, wall hangings, etc.