1. Biology EOC Review Packet Answers
Miss Schwartz EOC Packet Review Answers
Biology EOC Review Packet Answers

2. #1-4 Compound Microscope B (light = living!) Dissecting microscope D
Scanning electron microscope C (3-D; outer surface; not living!)
Transmission electron microscope A (2-D; not living!)
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3. C. photosynthesis = O2 released!#5
C. photosynthesis = O2 released!
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4. C. the type of food consumed#6
C. the type of food consumed
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5. 8. tell teacher & clean up using broom; place in glass disposal bin
#7-9
7. goggles, gloves
8. tell teacher & clean up using broom; place in glass disposal bin
9. Report to teacher
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6. #10
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7. #11
Plants: autotroph/producers; convert energy from the sun to make food (photosynthesis)
Animals: heterotrophs/consumers; Consume other organisms to obtain energy
#12
Homeostasis: maintaining a relatively constant state of the body’s internal environment.
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8. #13
Acid: pH 0-6 hydrogen ion (H +)
Base: pH 8-14 hydroxide ion (OH-)
7 is NEUTRAL!
Buffer: resistant to changes in pH.

9. #15: Valence e- are the electrons in the outermost orbital/shell.
#14: Carbon
#15: Valence e- are the electrons in the outermost orbital/shell.
(# of bonds it can make with other elements!)
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10. waxes & oils; phospholipids
#16
Macromolecules
Building
Block
Function
Examples
Carbohydrate
Monosaccharide
Immediate energy source and storage
glucose; starch
Protein
Amino Acid
Control chemical reactions and structure in our body
enzymes;
hemoglobin
Lipid
Fatty Acid & Glycerol
Long-term energy storage and component of cellular membranes
waxes & oils; phospholipids
Nucleic Acid
Nucleotide
Stores and transfers important information (heredity)
DNA and RNA
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11. #17 Cell Theory #18 All living things are made of cells
Cells are the basic unit of life
Cells come from the reproduction of existing cells (cell division)
#18
Membrane-bound organelles - small structures in the cell with double membranes like mitochondria, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum & Golgi apparatus
found in Eukaryotic cells
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12. Made of phospholipids and proteins, cholestrol
#19 Cell membrane:
Made of phospholipids and proteins, cholestrol
Function: Maintains cell shape; controls what enters & leaves the cell.
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13. #20
Proteins in cell membrane - Functions as protein channels for molecules will move through
#21
Selectively permeable- allows certain molecules to enter and leave the cell

14. #22

15. #23 Which cell is the plant cell?
A- Plant cell
#24 - Which structures are found only in the plant cell?
Chloroplasts & Cell wall

16. #25 - Which structures are found only in the animal cell?
Centrioles
#26 - Smallest to Largest
Organelles → Cells → Tissues → Organs → Organ Systems
1 → 2 → → 4 → 5

17. Properties of Water & Transport #27
Adhesion - Water sticking to something else
Cohesion - Water bonded to water
#28 Polarity: molecule with unevenly distributed charges.
Water is polar because Oxygen is slightly negative and Hydrogen is slightly positive.

18. #46 Dark molecules- would move to left
#44 If the white molecule is water, where is the water concentration greatest at first? left side of membrane
#45 In osmosis, water moves from an area of HIGH to an area of LOW concentration.
#46 Dark molecules- would move to left
#47 In diffusion, molecules move from an area of HIGH to an area of LOW concentration.
Before After

19. #29

20. Water moves into the cell
#30
Salt inside the cell = 65% and outside the cell 40%. *so 35% water inside, and 60% outside
Water moves into the cell
b. Sugar inside the cell 27% and outside 80%.
*so 73% water inside,
and 20% outside

21. #31

22. #32
#33
ATP? 3
ADP? 2

23. #34
Cellular process produces ATP = CELLULAR RESPIRATION!
#35
ATP is used for cellular work- transporting materials, making new cells, making proteins, etc.

24. #36 A) *Reactants: CO2 and H2O *Products: C6H12O6 and O2 P h o t s y ni
*Reactants: CO2 and H2O
*Products: C6H12O6 and O2
#36 A) - #39

25. C e l R s p i r a t o n
#36 B) - #39

27. #40
Photosynthesis - purpose is to absorb light; reflects GREEN light
#41 Photosynthesis - start light reactions
#42 Process A- PLANTS
#43 Process B- BOTH!

28. #40
Photosynthesis requires chlorophyll.
Chlorophyll captures light energy from the sun to produce glucose
#41
The light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis requires light. Light energy is converted to chemical energy (glucose)

29. #44 - A (Photosynthesis)
#45 - B (Cellular Respiration)
#47- Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell
#48 - Aerobic Cellular Respiration

30. #49

31. # 49
Anaerobic environment, some cells use fermentation to keep producing ATP.
Lactic acid fermentation: occurs in muscle cells when exercising feverishly (makes ATP & Lactic Acid)
Alcoholic fermentation: yeast makes CO2 & alcohol.

32. Enzymes
#50 - Enzymes are proteins
#51 - Extreme temperature and the wrong levels of pH
#52 - Enzymes do not get consumed (used up) in the reactions that they accelerate

33. #54 -

34. #55 - salivary amylase works best at ph 6
#56 - A ph of “6” is an acid
#57 - G +C, A + T, C + G, C + G, G + C, A + T
#58 & 59-

35. #60 - Transcription
DNA- G A C T G A
mRNA- C U G A C U
#61 - Translation
Amino acid Sequence: Leu-Thr

36. #62 - What is a codon?
a sequence of three nucleotides that hold the code for an amino acid.
#63 - peptide bonds

37. #64

38. #64

39. #65
mRNA – The message sent from the DNA to code for a particular protein.
tRNA – the transfer molecules that carry specific amino acids to be attached by ribosomes.
rRNA – the chemical makeup of ribosomes.

40. #85 - hydrogen bonds
#87 - Transcription? The process by which DNA makes a copy of a particular gene to be transcribed into mRNA and sent out to the cytoplasm to be read by the ribosomes.
#88 - Translation? The process by which mRNA is read by a ribosome which matches mRNA codons to corresponding anticodons on tRNA (and their amino acids) to create a amino acid chain that will become a future protein.
#89 & #90 - A particular base on a codon will not be correct, such as ACG will be ACT, which will cause the mRNA to carry the the wrong copy of the DNA code.

41. Cell Reproduction
#92 - #95
G1 = Longest phase of the cell cycle
#96 - when cells use mitosis to divide & reproduce (NOT MEIOSIS)

42. #97

43. #98 1st Stage: C called Interphase 2nd Stage: B called Prophase
3rd Stage: E called Metaphase
4th Stage: A called Anaphase
5th Stage: D called Cytokinesis

44. #99 - Plant & Animal cell = Eukaryotic Cell because both have a nucleus

45. #100
a mutation in DNA that causes uncontrolled cell growth

46. #101 #102 #103 How many chromosomes do humans have in their…
Body cells? 46 Sex cells? 23
#102
What does Diploid mean?
Means that a cell has 2 homologous chromosomes (2N)
#103
What does Haploid mean?
Means that a cell has only 1 homologous chromosome (N)

47. #104 - #105

48. Genetics Review

49. #108-#112
In the Punnett square to the left, T = tall and t=short. Give the parents genotypes.
Give the phenotype for the parents.
What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?
What is the genotypic ratio of the offspring?
What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?
T t T t TT Tt tt

50. #108-#112
In the Punnett square to the left, T = tall and t=short. Give the parents genotypes.
Tt and Tt
Give the phenotype for the parents.
Tall and Tall
What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?
What is the genotypic ratio of the offspring?
What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?
T t T t TT Tt tt

51. #108-#112
In the Punnett square to the left, T = tall and t=short. Give the parents genotypes.
Tt and Tt
Give the phenotype for the parents.
Tall and Tall
What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring? TT, Tt, tt Tall and short
What is the genotypic ratio of the offspring? ¼ TT, ½ Tt, ¼ tt :2:1
What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring? ¾ Tall and ¼ short :1
T t T t TT Tt tt

52. #113
Some genes experience incomplete dominance. Cross a pure breeding red flower (RR) with a pure breeding white flower (WW). Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring.
Genotype: 100% RW
Phenotype: 100% Pink Flowers
#114
What type of inheritance is this? Incomplete dominance
W W R RW

53. What are the sex chromosomes in males? XY In Females? XX #125
#124
What are the sex chromosomes in males? XY In Females? XX
#125
Colorblindness & hemophilia are sex-linked traits. What chromosome location (#) are these genes found? 23
Male

54. XH Y XH Xh XHXH XHY XHXh XhY
#126 Cross a female who is a carrier for hemophilia with a normal male. XHY x XHXh
#127 What are the odds that they will have a child with hemophilia? 25%
#128 What are the odds that they will have a daughter with hemophilia?
#129 What are the odds that they will have a daughter who is a carrier for hemophilia?
XH Y XH Xh
XHXH
XHY
XHXh
XhY

55. XH Y XH Xh XHXH XHY XHXh XhY
#126 Cross a female who is a carrier for hemophilia with a normal male. XHY x XHXh
#127 What are the odds that they will have a child with hemophilia? 25%
#128 What are the odds that they will have a daughter with hemophilia? 0%
#129 What are the odds that they will have a daughter who is a carrier for hemophilia? 25%
XH Y XH Xh
XHXH
XHY
XHXh
XhY
Son with hemophilia

56. #130 Why are males more likely to show this type of disorder
#130 Why are males more likely to show this type of disorder? Who (mother/father) is likely to give them the bad gene?
It is their mother who donates X’s which carry the disorder. The father donates Y’s to sons which do not carry the disorder.
# Gender:
#Disorder:
# Evidence:

57. # Disorder: Down Syndrome # Evidence: 3 chromosomes
#130 Why are males more likely to show this type of disorder? Who (mother/father) is likely to give them the bad gene?
It is their mother who donates X’s which carry the disorder. The father donates Y’s to sons which do not carry the disorder.
# Gender: Female
# Disorder: Down Syndrome
or Trisomy 21
# Evidence: 3 chromosomes
at location 21

58. #131
What is the inheritance pattern shown by this pedigree? Autosomal Recessive
#132
Males and females equally affected (autosomal) and it skips generations (recessive)
#133
II 4 genotype: aa
#134
I 3 genotype: Aa
Pedigree Chart

59. #135
Law of segregation of alleles: In most sexually reproducing organisms each adult has two copies of each gene, one from each parent. These genes are segregated from each other when gametes are formed.
#136
Law of independent assortment (of alleles): Genes that segregate independently from each other and do not influence each other’s inheritance. So heterozygous organisms have a pattern of 1: 2: 1 or 9: 3: 3: 1.

60. Taxonomy
#159
In the times of Linnaeus, he used Anatomy to classify organisms. In the time of technology, now we mostly use DNA technology & Anatomy to classify organisms.
#160
3 Domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya
#164
Write a “scientific name” All in italics with the
Genus FIRST LETTER capitalized and the species
in lowercase.
(ex. Ursus maritimus)

61. #172 #174 Stigma – Female part of the flower – captures pollen
Style – Female part of the flower – transmits pollen to ovary
Petal – Nonsexual part of the flower – attracts pollinators
Sepal – Nonsexual part of the flower – protects petals
Anther – Male part of the flower – attaches pollen granules
Filament – Male part of the flower – stalk that supports pollen
Ovary- Contains OVULE WHICH CONTAINS Egg Cells
, Simple
, Complex

62. #182 #183 Non-specific first lines of defense: Mucus, Skin
Non-specific second lines of defense? Inflammatory response, white blood cells

63. #184 What do B cells produce? Antibodies
(Plasma B cells and memory B cells)
#185 What is happening at letter C?
Antibodies are attaching to the antigens on the pathogens & flagging them for destruction.
#186 What is the function of helper T-cells?
They activate killer T cells and help B cells divide
#187 What is the function of killer T-cells?
Track down and kill pathogens

64. #
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65. #200
Carrying Capacity: The maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources.
#201
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66. #203-205 What kind of growth curve is shown by the graph to the right?
What is the carrying capacity for rabbits?
During what month were rabbits in exponential growth?
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67. #
In Mexico, what percentage of the population is between 0-4 years of age?
In the US?
Which population is growing the fastest?
Which age group has the smallest number in both countries?
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68. #210
How much energy is passed on and transferred by each trophic level? 10%
How much energy is lost and why?
90% due to metabolism & heat
How does energy flow?
ENERGY flows through an ecosystem in ONE DIRECTION- from the sun or inorganic compounds to autotrophs and then to heterotrophs.
#211
#212
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69. #238
#239
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70. Scientists Mendel- Father of genetics
Schleiden- Contributed to Cell Theory
Darwin- Evolution by means of Natural Selection
Leeuwenhoek- First to observe living cells under a microscope
Pasteur- Came up with the food preparing process pasteurization; also developed a vaccination for anthrax and rabies
Miller & Urey- Conducted an experiment which demonstrated that several organic compounds could be formed spontaneously by simulating the conditions of Earth's early atmosphere.
Linnaeus- Came up with the classification naming system
Lamarck- Believed if you failed to use a part of the body it would go away overtime. (ex. Giraffe can extend its neck by choice/need)
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