1. sexuality in the ancient world
Less conservative in some ways (e.g. pornographic imagery was common in art, homosexuality and prostitution allowed)
More conservative in others (e.g. different expectations of men and women)

2. Sexuality in Ancient Greece and Rome
_____________ for “heterosexual” or “homosexual”
For men, relationships with ____________________ were common
Patriarchal societies where _____________________ determined what was sexually appropriate
_____________ common in art:
Idealized male nudes in Greece, but ______________ women always shown clothed
Roman art showed pornographic sex acts, usually with _________________________
Roman art had both male and female _____________
Single-sex attraction (to either men or women) was considered eccentric
Many art critics and historians believe that male nudity in Greek art is purposefully homoerotic

3. Female Sexuality
Supposed to be more sexually _________________________
Expected to be _____________________________________:
___________________ of a freeborn virgin was serious crime
Could express ___________________ within marriage
Married by _____________________
Praised for strong sexual morality and _________________
Female slaves and ____________________ were appropriate premarital sex partners for men:
Fewer rights than freeborn women (e.g. _________________)
_______________ was not common for women, but did occur:
Evidence in ___________ poetry of Sappho (Greece, 600 BCE)
Lived on island of Lesbos (source of _____________________)
Sex within marriage was mainly for procreation; male pleasure would have been the focus as cunnilingus was considered a very shameful sexual act for men to participate in
Slaves couldn’t be raped because they didn’t control their own bodies
Prostitutes (male and female) gave up the rights of freeborn citizens under the law by becoming prostitutes
Main issue with female homosexuality was lack of sexual restraint, not the gender of the lovers

4. Male Sexuality
Expected to __________________________ and have children
Homosexual relationships allowed if partners were ____________________________________:
For ___________ males usually between older man and teen boy
Male slaves and prostitutes also _________________ partners
Most elite unit in Theban army was __________________ made up of pairs of gay lovers
Many notable ancient men were gay or bisexual including ______________________, Plato, Socrates, Nero and Hadrian
Even the ___________ had homosexual relationships (e.g. Zeus and Ganymede)
Rise of ______________________ = ban on homosexuality
Once boy could grow a full beard, it was seen as inappropriate for the relationship to continue.
Likely that some romantic homosexual relationships went on privately between grown men
Male sex was mostly intercrucial (between the thighs) while anal sex was mostly used in heterosexual relationships to prevent pregnancy
Most important thing was status: man with higher status should be the “active,” not “passive” participant or the act became emasculating and shameful
Belief with Sacred Band: man would fight more fiercely if standing beside his beloved
Plato rated the love of a man as higher than that found in marriage with a woman