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Notes: Graphing
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Setting Up a Graph X axis- Independent Variable
This is the variable you controlled or manipulated. Y axis- Dependent Variable This is the variable measured or observed during an experiment
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Graphing Rules
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Rule #1 Use a Pencil!
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Rule #2 Always draw neat lines with a ruler or straight edge.
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Rule #3 Label the X-axis and y-axis And include UNITS!
(independent variable) and y-axis (dependent variable) And include UNITS! Example: If your X-axis is labeled “TIME,” you must put the unit in parentheses (hours, days, years, etc.)
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Rule #4 Use an appropriate scale for each axis
Graph must take up at least 75% of given space Graphs do not have to start at zero if your data does not include zero.
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Rule #5 Title your graph
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Rule #6 Provide a key (color or pattern) when using the same graph for multiple independent variables.
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Types of Graphs
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Bar Graphs Used to show comparisons of multiple objects
one variable is non numerical (e.g. place, color) there are no independent or dependent variables
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Pie Graph use to compare proportions in different categories
one variable is a category one variable is a count shows parts of a whole
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Line Graphs Use to show response to a manipulated variable or relationship between two variables. One variable (the Independent) affect the other (the dependent). Date is continuous for both variables
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Best Fit Line If the points form a straight line…..
draw the best straight line through them.
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Best Fit Line If a point is not on the line …..
Re-test this measurement again if applicable. x This is called an outlier. You can decide to ignore outlier points.
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Curved Graphs J-Curve: If the points form a curve….
Draw a freehand curve of best fit. J-Curve: Usually shows slow then rapid growth of a population
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Curved Graphs S-Curve: If the points form a curve….
Draw a freehand curve of best fit. S-Curve: Shows slow then rapid growth until the population stabilizes
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