1. AIM: How do federal and unitary states compare to each other?
Do Now: Would you rather rule a country where the national government is all-powerful or one where you must share power with smaller local leaders? Why?

2. Awesome Vocabulary
Unitary State is a sovereign state governed as one single unit in which the central government is supreme and any administrative divisions (subnational units) exercise only powers that the central government chooses to delegate.
Federal State - is a type of sovereign state characterized by a union of partially self- governing states or regions united by a central (federal) government.

3. Unitary States

4. Federal States

5. Brainstorm…
How do you think geographic conditions might favor the development of a unitary state?

6. Unitary factors
In theory, the unitary state works best in nation-states with few cultural differences and a strong sense of national unity.
Smaller states are more likely to adopt unitary governments.
Especially common in Europe.
Multinational states might adopt this style to impose the values of one nationality on all others.
China is an example of a large unitary state.

7. Brainstorm
How do your think geographic conditions might favor the development of a federal state?

8. Geographic conditions favoring Federalist States
More suitable for very large states because national capital might be too remote to provide effective control over isolated regions.
When multinational states have distinct regions.
Ex of small federal state (Belgium)

9. Does size matter in the development of federal and unitary governments?

10. Gerrymandering
to divide (a territorial unit) into election districts to give one political party an electoral majority in a large number of districts while concentrating the voting strength of the opposition in as few districts as possible

11. Pennsylvania Congressional Districts since 2012

12. Possible Fair Map Outcome

13. Pennsylvania
The Pennsylvania State Supreme Court ruled that the congressional district map was unconstitutional under the state constitution.
Republican lawmakers in Pennsylvania appealed to the Federal Supreme Court to prevent them from having to redraw the districts to make them more fair.
The Supreme Court declined to hear the case.

15. Texas Gerrymandering

16. Texas Today