1. Urbanization

2. Causes
IndustrializationUrbanization
Immigration.
Innovation

3. Innovation “Industrial” Agriculture Skyscraper
Mass Transit—subways (1st in Boston), elevated trains, trolleys
Suspension Bridges (Brooklyn Bridge).

4. Living Conditions Little “management” of growth
Overcrowding: Row houses & Tenements
Overwhelmed Services: Sewage, Trash Removal, Water Supply
Difficult, Dangerous, & Unhealthy.

7. Around the Tenements

8. Living in the Tenements

9. Working Conditions
Factories & Mills
Minimize Costs
“Sweatshops”

11. Children at Work

13. Street Kids

14. Where to Get Help Neighborhood & Religious Groups,
1889, Jane Addams established Hull House
Too Little

15. Politics Political Machines—Industrialization of Politics controlled
Political parties
City politics
Bosses