1. The Incas Seat work Please sit down, review pages, 602-607 answer:
Incan society was organized into ______, or groups of related families.
The people worked one third of their land to pay taxes. This system was called the____________.
The Andeans raised _______ for meat and for use as pack animals.

2. The Incas
Incan society was organized into ______, or groups of related families.
ayllus
The people worked one third of their land to pay taxes. This system was called the____________.
mita system
The Andeans raised _______ for meat and for use as pack animals.
llamas

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Introduction
Chapter Introduction
This chapter will introduce you to Early North and South America. You will learn about the history and culture of groups who lived in early North and South America.
Section 1: The Incas
Section 2: North American Cultures

4. How did the discovery of Juanita increase our knowledge of the Incas?
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The Incas
How did the discovery of Juanita increase
our knowledge of the Incas?
Item or Fact
Importance
Prompt students by asking what kinds of objects the archaeologists found when they discovered Juanita.

5. Key Ideas The geography of the Andes shaped Incan civilization.
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The Incas
Key Ideas
The geography of the Andes shaped Incan civilization.
The Incas had a highly organized government and society.
The Incas’ achievements in government, engineering, and the arts place them among the world’s great civilizations.

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The Incas
Key Terms
Andes—a mountain range along the western edge of South America
terrace—a strip of level land that is
planted with crops
ayllu—a group of related families that
pooled resources to meet people’s needs
mita system—a system of paying taxes with labor
Students should use the Word Wise feature for Section 1 of Early North and South America in their Student Journal to explore Key Terms.

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The Incas
Living in the Andes
The Incas and others before them lived in the Andes mountain range. The Andes region is harsh.
• The Andes climate is cold.
• The mountain slopes are rocky and steep.
• Thin air at high elevations makes breathing difficult.
Explain that other Andean civilizations had preceded that of the Incas. However, the Incan civilization was the most complex and long-lasting.

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The Incas
Food Sources
The Andean peoples raised crops along rivers. They also cut terraces into the hillsides to raise food.
The Andeans hunted and fished.
The Andeans raised llamas for meat and for use as pack animals.

10. Where was the empire’s center of government?
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The Incas
The Incan Empire
Who were the Sapa Incas?
When a people willingly joined the Incan empire, what were they allowed to keep?
Where was the empire’s center of government?
Point out the map of the Incan empire. Discuss how the Andes mountains shaped the empire. Have students locate Cuzco.

11. Incan Empire: Rise and Fall
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The Incas
Incan Empire: Rise and Fall
How did the Incas use language to unify the empire?
What led to the fall of the Incan empire?

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The Incas
Incan Architecture
The Incas used huge blocks of stone for building. They cut the blocks to fit together perfectly.
The Incan road system stretched more than 15,000 miles.
The Incas built floating and hanging bridges.

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The Incas
Incan Arts and Crafts
The Incas used gold and silver to create jewelry, dishes, statues, and wall decorations.
The Incas wove textiles out of cotton, alpaca, and vicuña. The textiles had complex patterns and bright colors.
Alpaca and vicuña are animals related to the camel.

14. Incan Science The Incas were skilled astronomers.
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The Incas
Incan Science
The Incas were skilled astronomers.
Incan astronomers used their knowledge to develop calendars.

15. Incan Society What were the main classes of Incan society?
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The Incas
Incan Society
What were the main classes of Incan society?
Who were the highest-ranking nobles?
How were the common people organized?

16. The Economy of the Incas
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The Incas
The Economy of the Incas
The Incas did not use money. Their economy was based on labor.
Incan society was organized into ayllus, or groups of related families.
Ayllu members worked one third of their land to pay taxes. This system was called the mita system.
Explain that one of the remaining thirds of an ayllu's land was for the priests and gods. The other third was for the people.

17. Features of the Incan Empire
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The Incas
Features of the Incan Empire
Student workbook page 245
Have students list at least two characteristics or achievements in each category. Remind them that this graphic organizer may be found in their Student Journals.